Circulation Research. 2001
Published online before print November 1, 2001, doi: 10.1161/hh2301.100981
Published online before print November 1, 2001, doi: 10.1161/hh2301.100981
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Submitted on June 15, 2001
Revised on October 17, 2001
Accepted on October 18, 2001
The Complete Gene Sequence of Titin, Expression of an Unusual 
700-kDa Titin Isoform, and its Interaction With Obscurin Identify a Novel Z-Line to I-Band Linking System
From the Institut für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin (M.-L.B., T.C., F.F., C.C.W., D.L., S.L.), Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Germany; the Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Physiology (M.G., M.M., H.G.), Washington State University, Pullman, Wash; and the Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (A.J.G., C.C.G.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Labeit{at}embl-heidelberg.de.
Titin is a giant vertebrate striated muscle protein with critical importance for myofibril elasticity and structural integrity. We show here that the complete sequence of the human titin gene contains 363 exons, which together code for 38 138 residues (4200 kDa). In its central I-band region, 47 novel PEVK exons were found, which contribute to titin's extensible spring properties. Additionally, 3 unique I-band titin exons were identified (named novex-1 to -3). Novex-3 functions as an alternative titin C-terminus. The novex-3 titin isoform is 700 kDa in size and spans from Z1-Z2 (titin's N-terminus) to novex-3 (C-terminal exon). Novex-3 titin specifically interacts with obscurin, a 721-kDa myofibrillar protein composed of 57 Ig/FN3 domains, followed by one IQ, SH3, DH, and a PH domain at its C-terminus. The obscurin domains Ig48/Ig49 bind to novex-3 titin and target to the Z-line region when expressed as a GFP fusion protein in live cardiac myocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy detected the C-terminal Ig48/Ig49 obscurin epitope near the Z-line edge. The distance from the Z-line varied with sarcomere length, suggesting that the novex-3 titin/obscurin complex forms an elastic Z-disc to I-band linking system. This system could link together calcium-dependent, SH3-, and GTPase-regulated signaling pathways in close proximity to the Z-disc, a structure increasingly implicated in the restructuring of sarcomeres during cardiomyopathies.
Key words: striated muscle myofibrils • cardiac myopathies • titin • obscurin • Z-disc signaling
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