Published online before print June 26, 2008, doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.176230
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Submitted on March 22, 2008
Revised on May 19, 2008
Accepted on June 12, 2008
Role of Nox2-Based NADPH Oxidase in Bone Marrow and Progenitor Cell Function Involved in Neovascularization Induced by Hindlimb Ischemia
Norifumi Urao ;
From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology (N.U., H.I., M.R., K.W., R.M., M.U.-F.), and the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology (H.W.K., T.F.), University of Illinois at Chicago.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mfukai{at}uic.edu.
Bone marrow (BM) is the major reservoir for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Postnatal neovascularization depends on not only angiogenesis but also vasculogenesis, which is mediated through mobilization of EPCs from BM and their recruitment to the ischemic sites. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from Nox2-based NADPH oxidase play an important role in postnatal neovascularization; however, their role in BM and EPC function is unknown. Here we show that hindlimb ischemia of mice significantly increases Nox2 expression and ROS production in BM-mononuclear cells (BMCs), which is associated with an increase in circulating EPC-like cells. Mice lacking Nox2 show reduction of ischemia-induced flow recovery, ROS levels in BMCs, as well as EPC mobilization from BM. Transplantation of wild-type (WT)-BM into Nox2-deficient mice rescues the defective neovascularization, whereas WT mice transplanted with Nox2-deficient BM show reduced flow recovery and capillary density compared to WT-BM transplanted control. Intravenous infusion of WT- and Nox2-deficient BMCs into WT mice reveals that neovascularization and homing capacity are impaired in Nox2-deficient BMCs in vivo. In vitro, Nox2-deficient c-kit+Lin- BM stem/progenitor cells show impaired chemotaxis and invasion as well as polarization of actins in response to stromal derived factor (SDF), which is associated with blunted SDF-1–mediated phosphorylation of Akt. In conclusion, Nox2-derived ROS in BM play a critical role in mobilization, homing, and angiogenic capacity of EPCs and BM stem/progenitor cells, thereby promoting revascularization of ischemic tissue. Thus, NADPH oxidase in BM and EPCs is potential therapeutic targets for promoting neovascularization in ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
Key words: NADPH oxidase • reactive oxygen species • angiogenesis • vasculogenesis • neovascularization • stromal derived factor • endothelial progenitor cells
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