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Submitted on June 21, 2007
Revised on October 10, 2007
Accepted on October 19, 2007
From the Departments of Physiology and Medicine (R.A.R., P.H.B.), Division of Cardiology at the University Health Network (R.A.R., P.H.B.), and Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence (R.A.R., M.G.K., P.H.B.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: p.backx{at}utoronto.ca.
Ablation of the enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)
(PI3K
-/-) in mice increases cardiac contractility by elevating intracellular cAMP and enhancing sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling. Because cAMP is a critical determinant of heart rate, we investigated whether heart rate is altered in mice lacking PI3K
. Heart rate was similar in anesthetized PI3K
-/- and wild-type (PI3K
+/+) mice. However, IP injection of atropine (1 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg), or both drugs in combination unmasked elevated heart rates in PI3K
-/- mice, suggesting altered sinoatrial node (SAN) function. Indeed, spontaneous action potential frequency was
35% greater in SAN myocytes isolated from PI3K
-/- mice compared with PI3K
+/+ mice. These differences in action potential frequency were abolished by intracellular dialysis with the cAMP/protein kinase A antagonist Rp-cAMP but were unaffected by treatment with ryanodine to inhibit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release. Voltage-clamp experiments demonstrated that elevated action potential frequencies in PI3K
-/- SAN myocytes were more strongly associated with cAMP-dependent increases in L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) than elevated hyperpolarization-activated current (If). In contrast, ICa,L was not increased in working atrial myocytes, suggesting distinct subcellular regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels by PI3K
in the SAN compared with the working myocardium. In summary, PI3K
regulates heart rate by the cAMP-dependent modulation of SAN function. The effects of PI3K
ablation in the SAN are unique from those in the working myocardium.
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