Pathological angiogenesis contributes to various ocular, malignant, and inflammatory disorders, emphasizing the need to understand this process on a molecular level. Calcium- and integrin-binding protein (CIB)1, a 22-kDa EF-hand–containing protein, modulates the activity of p21-activated kinase 1 in fibroblasts. Because p21-activated kinase 1 also contributes to endothelial cell function, we hypothesized that CIB1 may have a role in angiogenesis. We found that endothelial cells depleted of CIB1 by either short hairpin RNA or homologous recombination have reduced migration, proliferation, and tubule formation. Moreover, loss of CIB1 in these cells decreases p21-activated kinase 1 activation, downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression, all of which are known to contribute to angiogenesis. Consistent with these findings, tissues derived from CIB1-deficient (CIB1^-/-) mice have reduced growth factor–induced microvessel sprouting in ex vivo organ cultures and in vivo Matrigel plugs. Furthermore, in response to ischemia, CIB1^-/- mice demonstrate decreased pathological retinal and adaptive hindlimb angiogenesis. Ischemic CIB1^-/- hindlimbs also demonstrate increased tissue damage and significantly reduced p21-activated kinase 1 activation. These data therefore reveal a critical role for CIB1 in ischemia-induced pathological and adaptive angiogenesis.