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(Circulation Research. 2005;97:305.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Molecular Medicine

Interleukin-10 Suppresses Tissue Factor Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via Inhibition of Egr-1 and a Serum Response Element/MEK-ERK1/2 Pathway

Motohiro Kamimura, Christiane Viedt, Alexander Dalpke, Michael E. Rosenfeld, Nigel Mackman, David M. Cohen, Erwin Blessing, Michael Preusch, Christian M. Weber, Jörg Kreuzer, Hugo A. Katus, Florian Bea

From the Departments of Internal Medicine III (M.K., C.V., E.B., M.P., C.M.W., J.K., H.A.K., F.B.) and Hygiene and Medical Microbiology (A.D.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Pathobiology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (M.E.R.), University of Washington, Seattle; The Scripps Research Institute (N.M.), La Jolla, Calif; and the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension (D.M.C.), Oregon Health and Science University and the Portland V.A. Medical Center, Portland, Ore.

Correspondence to Florian Bea, MD, Innere Medizin III, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail florian.bea{at}med.uni-heidelberg.de

Atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease. Tissue factor (TF), a prothrombotic molecule expressed by various cell types within atherosclerotic plaques, is thought to play an essential role in thrombus formation after atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Recent studies suggest that the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has many antiatherosclerotic properties. Therefore, the effects of IL-10 on TF expression in response to inflammation were investigated. Mouse macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of IL-10. Pretreatment with IL-10 resulted in a 50% decrease in TF mRNA expression and TF promoter activity. Binding of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) to the consensus DNA sequence, a key transcriptional activator of TF expression in response to inflammation, and the expression of Egr-1 mRNA were also inhibited by IL-10. This inhibition was independent of the induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling protein-3 by IL-10. Macrophages that had been transfected with luciferase reporter constructs containing the murine Egr-1 5'-flanking sequence exhibited reduced reporter gene activity in response to LPS stimulation with IL-10 pretreatment. Studies with deletion constructs of the Egr-1 promoter identified the proximal serum response element SRE3 as a potential regulatory site for the IL-10 mediated suppression of Egr-1 expression. Furthermore, activation of the upstream signal-transduction elements, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and Elk-1 were also inhibited by IL-10 pretreatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate a pathway for the IL-10 mediated inhibition of TF expression during inflammation and may explain the antiatherosclerotic effects of IL-10.

Key Words: atherosclerosis • tissue factor • interleukin • early growth response gene • macrophages

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