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(Circulation Research. 2005;97:1216.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Editorials

Endothelial Cell IL-8, a New Target for Adiponectin

Implications in Vascular Protection

Rhian M. Touyz

From the Kidney Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Correspondence to Rhian M. Touyz, MD, PhD, Canada Research Chair in Hypertension, Kidney Research Centre, OHRI/University of Ottawa, Room 303, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5. E-mail rtouyz@uottawa.ca

See related article, pages 1245–1252

Key Words: inflammation • adipokines • interleukin • endothelium • TNF-

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

Adipose tissue is no longer considered an inert energy storage tissue, but an active participant contributing to physiological and pathological processes associated with inflammation, immunity, appetite, insulin sensitivity, endocrine and reproductive systems, bone metabolism, and endothelial function.^1,2 Adipose tissue synthesizes and secretes proinflammatory and antiinflammatory metabolically- and hormonally-active substances, collectively called adipokines or adipocytokines and include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin.^3,4 Adipose tissue also produces cytokines and chemokines, such as tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-1, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, nerve growth factor and the acute-phase response plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid.^1,2,5 Although adipose tissue produces various polypeptide and non-protein factors, only leptin, adiponectin, resistin, adipsin, and visfatin are primarily synthesized by adipocytes.^3,4 Whereas leptin plays a role mainly in appetite regulation,⁶ resistin induces insulin resistance and is proinflammatory⁷ whereas visfatin acts as an insulin-mimetic and is antiapoptotic.⁸

Of all the adipokines, adiponectin is found in highest concentrations in the circulation.⁹ It is secreted specifically from adipocytes and it regulates insulin sensitivity.¹⁰ Low serum levels are causally linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes and are predictive for development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.^11,12 Obesity is associated with decreased adiponectin levels, and adiponectin is now being considered a putative therapeutic agent in the management of obesity.^13,14 Administration of adiponectin causes glucose-lowering effects and ameliorates insulin resistance in mice.^15,16 Conversely, adiponectin-deficient mice exhibit insulin resistance and diabetes.^17,18 This insulin-sensitizing effect of adiponectin seems to be mediated by an increase in fatty-acid oxidation through . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Related Article:

Adiponectin Inhibits Endothelial Synthesis of Interleukin-8

Chikaaki Kobashi, Masaharu Urakaze, Mika Kishida, Etsuko Kibayashi, Hideki Kobayashi, Shinji Kihara, Tohru Funahashi, Michiyo Takata, Rie Temaru, Akira Sato, Katsuya Yamazaki, Norio Nakamura, and Masashi Kobayashi
Circ. Res. 2005 97: 1245-1252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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