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(Circulation Research. 2004;95:789.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.

Molecular Medicine

Human Apolipoprotein A-II Enrichment Displaces Paraoxonase From HDL and Impairs Its Antioxidant Properties

A New Mechanism Linking HDL Protein Composition and Antiatherogenic Potential

Vicent Ribas, José Luis Sánchez-Quesada, Rosa Antón, Mercedes Camacho, Josep Julve, Joan Carles Escolà-Gil, Luís Vila, Jordi Ordóñez-Llanos, Francisco Blanco-Vaca

From the Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (V.R., J.L.S.-Q., R.A., M.C., J.J., J.C.E.-G., L.V., F.B.-V.), Servei de Bioquímica (J.L.S.-Q., J.O.-L., F.B.-V.), and Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona (J.O.-L.), Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.

Correspondence to Dr F. Blanco-Vaca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica, C/Antoni M Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail fblancova{at}hsp.santpau.es

Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), the second major high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein, has been linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia. Human apoA-II transgenic mice constitute an animal model for this proatherogenic disease. We studied the ability of human apoA-II transgenic mice HDL to protect against oxidative modification of apoB-containing lipoproteins. When challenged with an atherogenic diet, antigens related to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were markedly increased in the aorta of 11.1 transgenic mice (high human apoA-II expressor). HDL from control mice and 11.1 transgenic mice were coincubated with autologous very LDL (VLDL) or LDL, or with human LDL under oxidative conditions. The degree of oxidative modification of apoB lipoproteins was then evaluated by measuring relative electrophoretic mobility, dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid content, and conjugated diene kinetics. In all these different approaches, and in contrast to control mice, HDL from 11.1 transgenic mice failed to protect LDL from oxidative modification. A decreased content of apoA-I, paraoxonase (PON1), and platelet-activated factor acetyl-hydrolase activities was found in HDL of 11.1 transgenic mice. Liver gene expression of these HDL-associated proteins did not differ from that of control mice. In contrast, incubation of isolated human apoA-II with control mouse plasma at 37°C decreased PON1 activity and displaced the enzyme from HDL. Thus, overexpression of human apoA-II in mice impairs the ability of HDL to protect apoB-containing lipoproteins from oxidation. Further, the displacement of PON1 by apoA-II could explain in part why PON1 is mostly found in HDL particles with apoA-I and without apoA-II, as well as the poor antiatherogenic properties of apoA-II–rich HDL.

Key Words: atherosclerosis • homocysteine thiolactone • paraoxonase • high-density lipoprotein • oxidized LDL

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