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(Circulation Research. 2004;95:239.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.

Reviews

Examining Intracellular Organelle Function Using Fluorescent Probes

From Animalcules to Quantum Dots

Dmitry B. Zorov, Evgeny Kobrinsky, Magdalena Juhaszova, Steven J. Sollott

From the Laboratories of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.B.Z., M.J., S.J.S.) and Clinical Investigation (E.K.), Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Md; and the Department of Bioenergetics (D.B.Z.), A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, Russia.

Correspondence to Steven J. Sollott, MD, or to Magdalena Juhaszova, PhD, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Box 13, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224-6825. E-mail sollotts{at}grc.nia.nih.gov

This Review is part of a thematic series on Imaging of Cardiovascular Cells and Tissues, which includes the following articles:

Use of Chimeric Fluorescent Proteins and FRET to Monitor Cellular Responses

Imaging Microdomain Ca²⁺ in Muscle Cells

Optical Imaging of the Heart

Examining Intracellular Organelle Function Using Fluorescent Probes

Two-Photon Microscopy of Cells and Tissues
Brian O’Rourke Guest Editor

Fluorescence microscopy imaging has become one of the most useful techniques to assess the activity of individual cells, subcellular trafficking of signals to and between organelles, and to appreciate how organelle function is regulated. The past 2 decades have seen a tremendous advance in the rational design and development in the nature and selectivity of probes to serve as reporters of the intracellular environment in live cells. These probes range from small organic fluorescent molecules to fluorescent biomolecules and photoproteins ingeniously engineered to follow signaling traffic, sense ionic and nonionic second messengers, and report various kinase activities. These probes, together with recent advances in imaging technology, have enabled significantly enhanced spatial and temporal resolution. This review summarizes some of these developments and their applications to assess intracellular organelle function.

Key Words: microscopy • calcium • redox • mitochondria • fluorescent proteins

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