Circulation Research. 2004;94:1543-1553
doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000130526.20854.fa
doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000130526.20854.fa
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© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reviews |
Inflammatory Cytokines and Postmyocardial Infarction Remodeling
From Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto; and Division of Cardiology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
Correspondence to Dr. Peter Liu, Heart & Stroke/RL Centre of Excellence, NCSB11-1266, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada. E-mail peter.liu{at}utoronto.ca
This Review is part of a thematic series on Chemokines and Cytokines, which includes the following articles:
Inflammatory Mediators and the Failing Heart: Past, Present and the Foreseeable Future
Inflammatory Cytokines and Postmyocardial Infarction Remodeling
Cytokines in Ventricular Function
Chemokines/Cytokines
Peter Liu Guest Editor
Inflammatory response and cytokine elaboration are particularly active after myocardial infarction and contribute to cardiac remodeling and eventual host outcome. The triggers of cytokine release in the acute postinfarction period include mechanical deformation, ischemic stimulus, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokine self-amplification pathways. Acutely, the elaboration of tumor necrosis factor, IL-1 and IL-6, transforming growth factor families of cytokines, contribute to survival or deaths of myocytes, modulation of cardiac contractility, alterations of vascular endothelium, and recruitment of additional circulating cells of inflammation to the injured myocardium. This leads to further local oxidative stress and remodeling but also initiates the processes of wound healing. Chronically, sustained presence of cytokines leads to myocyte phenotype transition and activation of matrix metalloproteinases that modifies interstitial matrix, augmenting further the remodeling process. This in turn alters the local collagen composition and also the integrins that constitute the interface between myocytes and the matrix. These processes ultimately, when favorable, pave the way for angiogenesis and cellular regeneration. Thus, the insightful modulation of cytokines through current and future therapies could promote improved healing and cardiac remodeling postmyocardial infarction.
Key Words: remodeling • cytokines • inflammation • myocardial infarction • matrix • integrins
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M. Suleiman, R. Khatib, Y. Agmon, R. Mahamid, M. Boulos, M. Kapeliovich, Y. Levy, R. Beyar, W. Markiewicz, H. Hammerman, et al. Early Inflammation and Risk of Long-Term Development of Heart Failure and Mortality in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Predictive Role of C-Reactive Protein J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 962 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Carluccio, P. Biagioli, G. Alunni, A. Murrone, C. Giombolini, T. Ragni, P. N. Marino, G. Reboldi, and G. Ambrosio Patients With Hibernating Myocardium Show Altered Left Ventricular Volumes and Shape, Which Revert After Revascularization: Evidence That Dyssynergy Might Directly Induce Cardiac Remodeling J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 969 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Nahrendorf, K. Hu, S. Frantz, F. A. Jaffer, C.-H. Tung, K.-H. Hiller, S. Voll, P. Nordbeck, D. Sosnovik, S. Gattenlohner, et al. Factor XIII Deficiency Causes Cardiac Rupture, Impairs Wound Healing, and Aggravates Cardiac Remodeling in Mice With Myocardial Infarction Circulation, March 7, 2006; 113(9): 1196 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Hasegawa, H. Takano, K. Iwanaga, M. Ohtsuka, Y. Qin, Y. Niitsuma, K. Ueda, T. Toyoda, H. Tadokoro, and I. Komuro Cardioprotective Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Swine With Chronic Myocardial Ischemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 21, 2006; 47(4): 842 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Armstrong, D. A. Morrow, and M. S. Sabatine Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Part I: Introduction and Cytokines Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): e72 - e75. [Full Text] [PDF]
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X. Liu, A. S. Pachori, C. A. Ward, J. P. Davis, M. Gnecchi, D. Kong, L. Zhang, J. Murduck, S.-F. Yet, M. A. Perrella, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibits postmyocardial infarct remodeling and restores ventricular function FASEB J, February 1, 2006; 20(2): 207 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Matsumoto-Ida, Y. Takimoto, T. Aoyama, M. Akao, T. Takeda, and T. Kita Activation of TGF-{beta}1-TAK1-p38 MAPK pathway in spared cardiomyocytes is involved in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): H709 - H715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Q. Li and J. F. Engelhardt Interleukin-1beta Induction of NF{kappa}B Is Partially Regulated by H2O2-mediated Activation of NF{kappa}B-inducing Kinase J. Biol. Chem., January 20, 2006; 281(3): 1495 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. F. Bonvini, T. Hendiri, and E. Camenzind Inflammatory response post-myocardial infarction and reperfusion: a new therapeutic target? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., October 1, 2005; 7(suppl_I): I27 - I36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Zhang, Y.-J. Xu, H. K. Saini, B. Turan, P. P. Liu, and N. S. Dhalla Pentoxifylline attenuates cardiac dysfunction and reduces TNF-{alpha} level in ischemic-reperfused heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): H832 - H839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. G. Frangogiannis, G. Ren, O. Dewald, P. Zymek, S. Haudek, A. Koerting, K. Winkelmann, L. H. Michael, J. Lawler, and M. L. Entman Critical Role of Endogenous Thrombospondin-1 in Preventing Expansion of Healing Myocardial Infarcts Circulation, June 7, 2005; 111(22): 2935 - 2942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. C. Becker Yin and Yang of MCP-1 Circ. Res., April 29, 2005; 96(8): 812 - 814. [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Dewald, P. Zymek, K. Winkelmann, A. Koerting, G. Ren, T. Abou-Khamis, L. H. Michael, B. J. Rollins, M. L. Entman, and N. G. Frangogiannis CCL2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Regulates Inflammatory Responses Critical to Healing Myocardial Infarcts Circ. Res., April 29, 2005; 96(8): 881 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. van Westerloo, T. van der Poll, R. B. Felder, R. M. Weiss, Z.-H. Zhang, and J. Francis Acute Vagotomy Activates the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H977 - H979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Ikonomidis, J. W. Hendrick, A. M. Parkhurst, A. R. Herron, P. G. Escobar, K. B. Dowdy, R. E. Stroud, E. Hapke, M. R. Zile, and F. G. Spinale Accelerated LV remodeling after myocardial infarction in TIMP-1-deficient mice: effects of exogenous MMP inhibition Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): H149 - H158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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