Circulation Research. 2001;89:224-236
doi: 10.1161/hh1501.094365
doi: 10.1161/hh1501.094365
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Review |
Methods of Detection of Vascular Reactive Species
Nitric Oxide, Superoxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Peroxynitrite
From the Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Free Radical Biology (M.M.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala, and the Department of Biochemistry (I.F.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Correspondence to Margaret M. Tarpey, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St South, Birmingham, AL 35233. E-mail margaret.tarpey{at}ccc.uab.edu
Abstract— The evanescent nature of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the multiple cellular mechanisms evolved to maintain these substances at low (submicromolar) concentrations within the vascular system, and the often multifaceted nature of their reactivities have made measurement of these compounds within the vasculature problematic. This review attempts to provide a critical description of some of the most common approaches to quantification of nitric oxide, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite, with attention to key issues that may influence the utility of a particular assay when adapted for use in vascular cells and tissues.
Key Words: free radical • nitric oxide • superoxide • hydrogen peroxide • peroxynitrite
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