Circulation Research. 2001;89:957-968
doi: 10.1161/hh2301.100350
doi: 10.1161/hh2301.100350
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reviews |
Sphingolipid Mediators in Cardiovascular Cell Biology and Pathology
From INSERM U466, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France. The present address for R.J.V. is The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Cellular Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Correspondence to Thierry Levade, MD, PhD, INSERM U466, CHU Rangueil, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. E-mail levade{at}toulouse.inserm.fr
Abstract
Sphingolipids have emerged as a new class of lipid mediators. In response to various extracellular stimuli, sphingolipid turnover can be stimulated in vascular cells and cardiac myocytes. Subsequent generation of sphingolipid molecules such as ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, is followed by regulation of ion fluxes and activation of various signaling pathways leading to smooth muscle cell proliferation, endothelial cell differentiation or apoptotic cell death, cell contraction, retraction, or migration. The importance of sphingolipids in cardiovascular signaling is illustrated by recent observations implicating them in physiological processes such as vasculogenesis as well as in frequent pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis and its complications.
Key Words: sphingomyelin • ceramide • sphingosine-1-phosphate • signal transduction • vascular cells
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