© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reviews |
Retinoids
Versatile Biological Response Modifiers of Vascular Smooth Muscle Phenotype
From the Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Correspondence to Joseph M. Miano, University of Rochester Medical Center, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Box 679, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642. E-mail joseph_miano@urmc.rochester.edu
Key Words: development • growth • neointima • receptor • retinoic acid • differentiation
 |
Introduction |
|---|
Proper regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and growth is critical for vasculogenesis and the maintenance of homeostasis in the mature vessel wall.1 2 Perturbations in the molecular circuitry governing SMC differentiation and growth are thought to be of central importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and restenosis after procedural revascularizations. The identification of membrane-bound receptors and the delineation of their respective signaling pathways have yielded insight into the mechanisms that control SMC differentiation and growth3 and have provided molecular targets for therapy of vascular disease.4 In recent years, several nuclear receptor binding factors have been shown to regulate SMC differentiation and growth. The steroid receptor superfamily5 has been of particular interest in this regard. Steroid receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that bind discrete cis elements within the regulatory regions of a growing list of target genes. This family of nuclear receptors includes the estrogen receptors,6 the vitamin D receptor,7 the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,8 and the retinoid receptors.9 Retinoids and the receptors they bind are gaining an increasingly important role in both cardiovascular development and the response of blood vessels to injury. In this review, we will focus specifically on the emerging role of retinoids as critical regulators of vascular SMC differentiation and growth. We first provide a brief history of retinoid biology as well as its intracellular fates with particular emphasis on the retinoid receptors. We then summarize the literature to date supporting retinoids as regulators of vasculogenesis and SMC differentiation. An update on the role of
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  U. Yokoyama, Y. Sato, T. Akaike, S. Ishida, J. Sawada, T. Nagao, H. Quan, M. Jin, M. Iwamoto, S. Yokota, et al. Maternal vitamin A alters gene profiles and structural maturation of the rat ductus arteriosus Physiol Genomics, September 11, 2007; 31(1): 139 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Saito, A. Sugawara, A. Uruno, M. Kudo, H. Kagechika, Y. Sato, Y. Owada, H. Kondo, M. Sato, M. Kurabayashi, et al. All-trans Retinoic Acid Induces in Vitro Angiogenesis via Retinoic Acid Receptor: Possible Involvement of Paracrine Effects of Endogenous Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 1412 - 1423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Day, Y. H. Lee, A.-M. Park, and Y. J. Suzuki Retinoic Acid Inhibits Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., June 1, 2006; 34(6): 695 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Fujiu, I. Manabe, A. Ishihara, Y. Oishi, H. Iwata, G. Nishimura, T. Shindo, K. Maemura, H. Kagechika, K. Shudo, et al. Synthetic Retinoid Am80 Suppresses Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Modulation and In-Stent Neointima Formation by Inhibiting KLF5 Circ. Res., November 25, 2005; 97(11): 1132 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. R. Preston, G. Tang, J. U. Tilan, N. S. Hill, and Y. J. Suzuki Retinoids and Pulmonary Hypertension Circulation, February 15, 2005; 111(6): 782 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-K. Kim, J.-I. Yoo, B.-K. Cho, S. J. Hong, Y.-K. Kim, J.-A. Moon, J. H. Kim, Y.-N. Chung, and K.-C. Wang Elevation of CRABP-I in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Moyamoya Disease Stroke, December 1, 2003; 34(12): 2835 - 2841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Kumar and G. K. Owens Combinatorial Control of Smooth Muscle-Specific Gene Expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2003; 23(5): 737 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Miano and B. C. Berk Retinoids: New Insight Into Smooth Muscle Cell Growth Inhibition Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2001; 21(5): 724 - 726. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. Lippman, J. J. Lee, D. D. Karp, E. E. Vokes, S. E. Benner, G. E. Goodman, F. R. Khuri, R. Marks, R. J. Winn, W. Fry, et al. Randomized Phase III Intergroup Trial of Isotretinoin to Prevent Second Primary Tumors in Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, April 18, 2001; 93(8): 605 - 618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gaetano, A. Catalano, B. Illi, A. Felici, S. Minucci, R. Palumbo, F. Facchiano, A. Mangoni, S. Mancarella, J. Muhlhauser, et al. Retinoids Induce Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Production in Endothelial Cells via Retinoic Acid Receptor {{alpha}} Activation and Stimulate Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Circ. Res., March 2, 2001; 88 (4): e38 - e47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Ou, J. Haendeler, M. R. Aebly, L. A. Kelly, B. C. Cholewa, G. Koike, A. Kwitek-Black, H. J. Jacob, B. C. Berk, and J. M. Miano Retinoic Acid-Induced Tissue Transglutaminase and Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Circ. Res., November 10, 2000; 87(10): 881 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Chen, J. W. Streb, K. M. Maltby, C. M. Kitchen, and J. M. Miano Cloning of a Novel Retinoid-inducible Serine Carboxypeptidase from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 31, 2001; 276(36): 34175 - 34181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|