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© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
MiniReview |
Apoptosis and Heart Failure
A Critical Review of the Literature
From the Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Correspondence to Seigo Izumo, MD, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, SL-201, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail sizumo@caregroup.harvard.edu
Key Words: apoptosis • heart failure • treatment • humans • animals
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Introduction |
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This MiniReview is part of a thematic series on Apoptosis in the Cardiovascular System, which includes the following articles:
Apoptosis and Heart Failure: A Critical Review of the Literature
Vascular Cell Apoptosis in Remodeling, Restenosis, and Plaque Rupture Apoptosis During Cardiovascular Development Myocyte Apoptosis in Ischemic Heart Disease Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Angiogenesis and Vessel Regression
Richard Kitsis, Editor
When the concept of apoptosis was introduced in the 1970s,1 it attracted only limited attention. However, less than two decades ago, Horvitz and colleagues2 3 4 identified its essential genetic components in the roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans, and apoptosis emerged as a significant research front. The explosion of knowledge that took place is represented by the accumulation of >25 000 studies in the last 5 years alone. It is now clear that apoptosis is an important aspect of normal organ development and cellular regulation and that it plays a role in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. However, there is still much debate and controversy concerning the role of apoptosis in heart failure. To address the issues of its presence in, significance for, and overall contribution to heart failure, we will review the currently available literature and then discuss its implications for future research and treatment strategies in heart failure.
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Evidence of Apoptosis in Animal and Human Models of Heart Failure |
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The etiology of heart failure involves multiple agents and conditions,5 but the progressive loss of cardiac myocytes is one of the most important pathogenic components. During the past few years, there has been accumulating evidence in both human and animal
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J. Hokamaki, H. Kawano, M. Yoshimura, H. Soejima, S. Miyamoto, I. Kajiwara, S. Kojima, T. Sakamoto, S. Sugiyama, N. Hirai, et al. Urinary biopyrrins levels are elevated in relation to severity of heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 19, 2004; 43(10): 1880 - 1885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Bao, E. Hu, L. Tao, R. Boyce, R. Mirabile, D. T Thudium, X.-l. Ma, R. N Willette, and T.-l. Yue Inhibition of Rho-kinase protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 548 - 558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Chang, L. Wei, T. Otani, K. A. Youker, M. L. Entman, and R. J. Schwartz Inhibitory Cardiac Transcription Factor, SRF-N, Is Generated by Caspase 3 Cleavage in Human Heart Failure and Attenuated by Ventricular Unloading Circulation, July 29, 2003; 108(4): 407 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Qin, J. Shite, and C.-s. Liang Antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function in CHF: association with changes in MAPK pathways Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 11, 2003; 285(2): H822 - H832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. Hu, W. Chen, N. P. Martin, E. J. Whalen, R. T. Premont, and R. J. Lefkowitz GIPC Interacts with the {beta}1-Adrenergic Receptor and Regulates {beta}1-Adrenergic Receptor-mediated ERK Activation J. Biol. Chem., July 3, 2003; 278(28): 26295 - 26301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Fortuno, A. Gonzalez, S. Ravassa, B. Lopez, and J. Diez Clinical implications of apoptosis in hypertensive heart disease Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): H1495 - H1506. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 Y. Ogata, M. Takahashi, S. Ueno, K. Takeuchi, T. Okada, H. Mano, S. Ookawara, K. Ozawa, B. C. Berk, U. Ikeda, et al. Antiapoptotic Effect of Endothelin-1 in Rat Cardiomyocytes In Vitro Hypertension, May 1, 2003; 41(5): 1156 - 1163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Oh, S. C. Wang, A. Prahash, M. Sano, C. S. Moravec, G. E. Taffet, L. H. Michael, K. A. Youker, M. L. Entman, and M. D. Schneider Telomere attrition and Chk2 activation in human heart failure PNAS, April 29, 2003; 100(9): 5378 - 5383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Su, C. L. Cioffi, S. Stefansson, N. Mittereder, M. Garay, D. Hreniuk, and G. Liau Gene therapy vector-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factors protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and enhances neovascularization Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2003; 284(4): H1429 - H1440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Nadal-Ginard, J. Kajstura, A. Leri, and P. Anversa Myocyte Death, Growth, and Regeneration in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure Circ. Res., February 7, 2003; 92(2): 139 - 150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Suzuki, E. Bayna, E. Dalle Molle, and W. Y. W. Lew Nicotine inhibits cardiac apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 5, 2003; 41(3): 482 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Valen The basic biology of apoptosis and its implications for cardiac function and viability Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2003; 75(2): S656 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, M. J. Iglesias, C. Alcaide, R. Pineiro, and F. Lago Doxazosin Induces Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes Cultured In Vitro by a Mechanism That Is Independent of {alpha}1-Adrenergic Blockade Circulation, January 7, 2003; 107(1): 127 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. van der Laarse Hypothesis: troponin degradation is one of the factors responsible for deterioration of left ventricular function in heart failure Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2002; 56(1): 8 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Bartunek, M. Vanderheyden, M. W. M. Knaapen, W. Tack, M. M. Kockx, and M. Goethals Deoxyribonucleic acid damage/repairproteins are elevated in the failing human myocardium due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 18, 2002; 40(6): 1097 - 1103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. L. Li, J. Suzuki, E. Bayna, F.-M. Zhang, E. Dalle Molle, A. Clark, R. L. Engler, and W. Y. W. Lew Lipopolysaccharide induces apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes via cardiac AT1 receptors Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2002; 283(2): H461 - H467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Hayakawa, G. Takemura, M. Koda, Y. Kawase, R. Maruyama, Y. Li, S. Minatoguchi, T. Fujiwara, and H. Fujiwara Sensitivity to Apoptosis Signal, Clearance Rate, and Ultrastructure of Fas Ligand-Induced Apoptosis in In Vivo Adult Cardiac Cells Circulation, June 25, 2002; 105(25): 3039 - 3045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. W. De Keulenaer, Y. Wang, Y. Feng, S. Muangman, K. Yamamoto, J. F. Thompson, T. G. Turi, K. Landschutz, and R. T. Lee Identification of IEX-1 as a Biomechanically Controlled Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Target Gene That Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Circ. Res., April 5, 2002; 90(6): 690 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. T. Santore, D. S. McClintock, V. Y. Lee, G. R. S. Budinger, and N. S. Chandel Anoxia-induced apoptosis occurs through a mitochondria-dependent pathway in lung epithelial cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): L727 - L734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Yndestad, J. Kristian Damas, H. Geir Eiken, T. Holm, T. Haug, S. Simonsen, S. S. Froland, L. Gullestad, and P. Aukrust Increased gene expression of tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic heart failure Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2002; 54(1): 175 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Scheubel, B. Bartling, A. Simm, R.-E. Silber, K. Drogaris, D. Darmer, and J. Holtz Apoptotic pathway activation from mitochondria and death receptors without caspase-3 cleavage in failing human myocardium: Fragile balance of myocyte survival? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 6, 2002; 39(3): 481 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. S. McClintock, M. T. Santore, V. Y. Lee, J. Brunelle, G. R. S. Budinger, W.-X. Zong, C. B. Thompson, N. Hay, and N. S. Chandel Bcl-2 Family Members and Functional Electron Transport Chain Regulate Oxygen Deprivation-Induced Cell Death Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2002; 22(1): 94 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Fortuno, S. Ravassa, A. Fortuno, G. Zalba, and J. Diez Cardiomyocyte Apoptotic Cell Death in Arterial Hypertension: Mechanisms and Potential Management Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1406 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R.-P. Xiao {beta}-Adrenergic Signaling in the Heart: Dual Coupling of the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor to Gs and Gi Proteins Sci. Signal., October 16, 2001; 2001(104): re15 - re15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Qin, N. K. Rounds, W. Mao, K. Kawai, and C.-s. Liang Antioxidant vitamins prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis produced by norepinephrine infusion in ferrets Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2001; 51(4): 736 - 748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. W.M. Knaapen, M. J. Davies, M. De Bie, A. J. Haven, W. Martinet, and M. M. Kockx Apoptotic versus autophagic cell death in heart failure Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2001; 51(2): 304 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. M.C. Dixon Help from within: cardioprotective properties of hepatocyte growth factor Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2001; 51(1): 4 - 6. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Molkentin Calcineurin, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Circ. Res., June 22, 2001; 88(12): 1220 - 1222. [Full Text] [PDF]
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