© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Apoptosis in Ischemic and Reperfused Rat Myocardium
the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa (Canada).
Correspondence to Henry Fliss, PhD, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada. E-mail hfliss@labsun1.med.uottawa.ca.
Apoptosis has been observed previously in hearts subjected to either continuous ischemia or ischemia followed by reperfusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the timing and extent of apoptosis in both continuously ischemic and reperfused myocardium. We show that rats subjected to continuous coronary artery occlusion display characteristic signs of apoptosis solely in the ischemic myocardium after only 2.25 hours of ischemia, as illustrated by positive in situ end labeling (ISEL) of apoptotic cardiomyocyte nuclei in tissue sections and/or the presence of DNA "ladders" in agarose gels. In contrast, reperfusion after a 45-minute occlusion accelerated the process, with apoptosis becoming evident solely in the reperfused myocardium after only 1 hour of reperfusion. ISEL and DNA ladder intensity increased with duration of ischemia or reperfusion. The volume of myocardium in which ISEL was observed was smaller in the reperfused hearts, and the ISEL-stained nuclei represented 23% and 33% of the total nuclei in the reperfused and permanently occluded myocardium, respectively. Therefore, the data suggest that reperfusion lowers the extent of apoptosis in ischemic myocardium but, paradoxically, accelerates the residual apoptosis, possibly because of reperfusion injury. A large accumulation of neutrophils was observed in both the permanently occluded and reperfused myocardium, suggesting that the inflammatory response may have contributed to apoptosis in both settings. This study therefore confirms that both ischemic and reperfused rat myocardium can undergo apoptotic cell death. However, the data suggest that although reperfusion lowers the number of myocytes undergoing apoptosis, it accelerates apoptosis in the nonsalvageable cells.
Key Words: apoptosis • myocardial ischemia • reperfusion injury • neutrophil
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. Park, Y.-T. Shen, V. Gaussin, G. R. Heyndrickx, J. Bartunek, R. R. G. Resuello, F. F. Natividad, R. N. Kitsis, D. E. Vatner, and S. F. Vatner Apoptosis predominates in nonmyocytes in heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2009; 297(2): H785 - H791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nahrendorf, D. E. Sosnovik, B. A. French, F. K. Swirski, F. Bengel, M. M. Sadeghi, J. R. Lindner, J. C. Wu, D. L. Kraitchman, Z. A. Fayad, et al. Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Part II Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, January 1, 2009; 2(1): 56 - 70. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. C. Chua, J. Gao, Y.-S. Ho, X. Xu, I-C. Kuo, K.-Y. Chua, H. Wang, R. C. Hamdy, J. C. Reed, and B. H.L. Chua Over-expression of a modified bifunctional apoptosis regulator protects against cardiac injury and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in transgenic mice Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2009; 81(1): 20 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Doue, K. Ohtsuki, K. Ogawa, M. Ueda, A. Azuma, H. Saji, H. W. Strauss, and H. Matsubara Cardioprotective Effects of Erythropoietin in Rats Subjected to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Assessment of Infarct Size with 99mTc-Annexin V J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2008; 49(10): 1694 - 1700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ramachandran, S. Jha, and D. J. Lefer REVIEW Paper: Pathophysiology of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: The Role of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Vet. Pathol., September 1, 2008; 45(5): 698 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Ojha, S. Roy, J. Radtke, O. Simonetti, S. Gnyawali, J. L. Zweier, P. Kuppusamy, and C. K. Sen Characterization of the structural and functional changes in the myocardium following focal ischemia-reperfusion injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2435 - H2443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. R. DeGeorge Jr, E. Gao, M. Boucher, L. E. Vinge, J. S. Martini, P. W. Raake, J. K. Chuprun, D. M. Harris, G. W. Kim, S. Soltys, et al. Targeted Inhibition of Cardiomyocyte Gi Signaling Enhances Susceptibility to Apoptotic Cell Death in Response to Ischemic Stress Circulation, March 18, 2008; 117(11): 1378 - 1387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Dhanasekaran, S. K. Gruenloh, J. N. Buonaccorsi, R. Zhang, G. J. Gross, J. R. Falck, P. K. Patel, E. R. Jacobs, and M. Medhora Multiple antiapoptotic targets of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway are activated by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/anoxia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): H724 - H735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Cai, H. Zhong, M. Bosch-Marce, K. Fox-Talbot, L. Wang, C. Wei, M. A. Trush, and G. L. Semenza Complete loss of ischaemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection in mice with partial deficiency of HIF-1{alpha} Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2008; 77(3): 463 - 470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Redel, V. Jazbutyte, T. M. Smul, M. Lange, T. Eckle, H. Eltzschig, N. Roewer, and F. Kehl Impact of Ischemia and Reperfusion Times on Myocardial Infarct Size in Mice In Vivo Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2008; 233(1): 84 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Roubille, S. Combes, J. Leal-Sanchez, C. Barrere;, F. Cransac, C. Sportouch-Dukhan, G. Gahide, I. Serre, E. Kupfer, S. Richard, et al. Myocardial Expression of a Dominant-Negative Form of Daxx Decreases Infarct Size and Attenuates Apoptosis in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Circulation, December 4, 2007; 116(23): 2709 - 2717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Pchejetski, O. Kunduzova, A. Dayon, D. Calise, M.-H. Seguelas, N. Leducq, I. Seif, A. Parini, and O. Cuvillier Oxidative Stress-Dependent Sphingosine Kinase-1 Inhibition Mediates Monoamine Oxidase A-Associated Cardiac Cell Apoptosis Circ. Res., January 5, 2007; 100(1): 41 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Das, A. Smolenski, S. M. Lohmann, and R. C. Kukreja Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase I{alpha} Attenuates Necrosis and Apoptosis Following Ischemia/Reoxygenation in Adult Cardiomyocyte J. Biol. Chem., December 15, 2006; 281(50): 38644 - 38652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Hilfiker-Kleiner, U. Landmesser, and H. Drexler Molecular Mechanisms in Heart Failure: Focus on Cardiac Hypertrophy, Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 27, 2006; 48(9_Suppl_A): A56 - A66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Monceau, Y. Belikova, G. Kratassiouk, E. Robidel, F. Russo-Marie, and D. Charlemagne Myocyte apoptosis during acute myocardial infarction in rats is related to early sarcolemmal translocation of annexin A5 in border zone Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): H965 - H971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.J. Kim, D.I. Kim, S.K. Lee, S.H. Suh, Y.J. Lee, J. Kim, T.S. Chung, and J.E. Lee Protective effect of agmatine on a reperfusion model after transient cerebral ischemia: Temporal evolution on perfusion MR imaging and histopathologic findings. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., April 1, 2006; 27(4): 780 - 785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Kim, A. Pedram, M. Razandi, and E. R. Levin Estrogen Prevents Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species and Differential Regulation of p38 Kinase Isoforms J. Biol. Chem., March 10, 2006; 281(10): 6760 - 6767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Piao, T.-J. Youn, J.-S. Kwon, Y.-H. Kim, J.-W. Bae, Bora-Sohn, D.-W. Kim, M.-C. Cho, M.-M. Lee, and Y.-B. Park Effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in acutely infarcting myocardium Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2005; 7(5): 730 - 738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Huang, K. Nakamura, Y. Ito, T. Uzuka, M. Morikawa, S. Hirai, K. Tomihara, T. Tanaka, Y. Masuta, K. Ishii, et al. Bcl-xL Gene Transfer Inhibits Bax Translocation and Prolongs Cardiac Cold Preservation Time in Rats Circulation, July 5, 2005; 112(1): 76 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Walsh, T. Bourcier, K. Takahashi, L. Shi, M. N. Busche, R. P. Rother, S. D. Solomon, R. A. B. Ezekowitz, and G. L. Stahl Mannose-Binding Lectin Is a Regulator of Inflammation That Accompanies Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury J. Immunol., July 1, 2005; 175(1): 541 - 546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N G Bellenger, Z Yousef, K Rajappan, M S Marber, and D J Pennell Infarct zone viability influences ventricular remodelling after late recanalisation of an occluded infarct related artery Heart, April 1, 2005; 91(4): 478 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Das, L. Xi, and R. C. Kukreja Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Preconditions Adult Cardiac Myocytes against Necrosis and Apoptosis: ESSENTIAL ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE SIGNALING J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12944 - 12955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Maass, J. White, B. Sanders, and J. W. Horton Role of cytosolic vs. mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in burn injury-related myocardial inflammation and function Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H744 - H751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. van der Meer, E. Lipsic, R. H. Henning, R. A. de Boer, A. J.H. Suurmeijer, D. J. van Veldhuisen, and W. H. van Gilst Erythropoietin improves left ventricular function and coronary flow in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury Eur J Heart Fail, December 1, 2004; 6(7): 853 - 859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Tanaka, S. Nakae, R. D. Terry, G. K. Mokhtari, F. Gunawan, L. B. Balsam, H. Kaneda, T. Kofidis, P. S. Tsao, and R. C. Robbins Cardiomyocyte-specific Bcl-2 overexpression attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury, immune response during acute rejection, and graft coronary artery disease Blood, December 1, 2004; 104(12): 3789 - 3796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Crow, K. Mani, Y.-J. Nam, and R. N. Kitsis The Mitochondrial Death Pathway and Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis Circ. Res., November 12, 2004; 95(10): 957 - 970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. Sparagna, C. E. Jones, and D. L. M. Hickson-Bick Attenuation of fatty acid-induced apoptosis by low-dose alcohol in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): H2209 - H2215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L. DeBiasi, B. A. Robinson, B. Sherry, R. Bouchard, R. D. Brown, M. Rizeq, C. Long, and K. L. Tyler Caspase Inhibition Protects against Reovirus-Induced Myocardial Injury In Vitro and In Vivo J. Virol., October 15, 2004; 78(20): 11040 - 11050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Takatani, K. Takahashi, Y. Uozumi, E. Shikata, Y. Yamamoto, T. Ito, T. Matsuda, S. W. Schaffer, Y. Fujio, and J. Azuma Taurine inhibits apoptosis by preventing formation of the Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosome Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): C949 - C953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. N. Eigel, H. Gursahani, and R. W. Hadley Na+/Ca2+ exchanger plays a key role in inducing apoptosis after hypoxia in cultured guinea pig ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): H1466 - H1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Okubo, Y. Tanabe, K. Takeda, M. Kitayama, S. Kanemitsu, R. C. Kukreja, and N. Takekoshi Ischemic preconditioning and morphine attenuate myocardial apoptosis and infarction after ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits: role of {delta}-opioid receptor Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): H1786 - H1791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Taki, T. Higuchi, A. Kawashima, J. F. Tait, S. Kinuya, A. Muramori, I. Matsunari, K. Nakajima, N. Tonami, and H. W. Strauss Detection of Cardiomyocyte Death in a Rat Model of Ischemia and Reperfusion Using 99mTc-Labeled Annexin V J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2004; 45(9): 1536 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Graham, D. P. Frazier, J. W. Thompson, S. Haliko, H. Li, B. J. Wasserlauf, M.-G. Spiga, N. H. Bishopric, and K. A. Webster A unique pathway of cardiac myocyte death caused by hypoxia-acidosis J. Exp. Biol., August 15, 2004; 207(18): 3189 - 3200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Mano, T. Tatsumi, J. Shiraishi, N. Keira, T. Nomura, M. Takeda, S. Nishikawa, S. Yamanaka, S. Matoba, M. Kobara, et al. Aldosterone Directly Induces Myocyte Apoptosis Through Calcineurin-Dependent Pathways Circulation, July 20, 2004; 110(3): 317 - 323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Doi, K. Hasegawa, M. Fujita, A. Yamazato, K. Yamanaka, M. Watanabe, K. Tambara, and M. Komeda Clinical characteristics relevant to myocardial cell apoptosis: analysis of pericardial fluid Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, June 1, 2004; 3(2): 359 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Liang, E. Gao, L. Tao, H. Liu, Y. Qu, T. A Christopher, B. L Lopez, and X. L Ma Critical timing of L-arginine treatment in post-ischemic myocardial apoptosis--role of NOS isoforms Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2004; 62(3): 568 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Parsa, J. Kim, R. U. Riel, L. S. Pascal, R. B. Thompson, J. A. Petrofski, A. Matsumoto, J. S. Stamler, and W. J. Koch Cardioprotective Effects of Erythropoietin in the Reperfused Ischemic Heart: A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR CARDIAC FIBROBLASTS J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20655 - 20662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A Townsend, R. I. Cutress, C. J. Carroll, K. M. Lawrence, T. M. Scarabelli, G. Packham, A. Stephanou, and D. S. Latchman BAG-1 Proteins Protect Cardiac Myocytes from Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Apoptosis via an Alternate Mechanism of Cell Survival Independent of the Proteasome J. Biol. Chem., May 14, 2004; 279(20): 20723 - 20728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-R. Liu, L. Tao, E. Gao, B. L Lopez, T. A Christopher, R. N Willette, E. H Ohlstein, T.-L. Yue, and X.-L. Ma Anti-apoptotic effects of rosiglitazone in hypercholesterolemic rabbits subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2004; 62(1): 135 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P Halestrap, S. J Clarke, and S. A Javadov Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening during myocardial reperfusion--a target for cardioprotection Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 372 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Eefting, B. Rensing, J. Wigman, W. J. Pannekoek, W. M. Liu, M. J. Cramer, D. J Lips, and P. A Doevendans Role of apoptosis in reperfusion injury Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 414 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J Hausenloy and D. M Yellon New directions for protecting the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: targeting the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK)-pathway Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2004; 61(3): 448 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Zou, W. Zhu, M. Sakamoto, Y. Qin, H. Akazawa, H. Toko, M. Mizukami, N. Takeda, T. Minamino, H. Takano, et al. Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 Protects Cardiomyocytes From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Circulation, December 16, 2003; 108(24): 3024 - 3030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q Z Feng, T D Li, L X Wei, X Qiao, J Yi, L Wang, and T S Yang Tempero-spatial dissociation between the expression of Fas and apoptosis after coronary occlusion Mol. Pathol., December 1, 2003; 56(6): 362 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. M. Yarbrough, R. Mukherjee, G. P. Escobar, J. T. Mingoia, J. A. Sample, J. W. Hendrick, K. B. Dowdy, J. E. McLean, R. E. Stroud, and F. G. Spinale Direct inhibition of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger after prolonged regional ischemia improves contractility on reperfusion independent of myocardial viability J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2003; 126(5): 1489 - 1497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Galvez, J. A. Ulloa, M. Chiong, A. Criollo, V. Eisner, L. F. Barros, and S. Lavandero Aldose Reductase Induced by Hyperosmotic Stress Mediates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis: DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF SORBITOL AND MANNITOL J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38484 - 38494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. J. Kang, Y. Li, X. Sun, and X. Sun Antiapoptotic Effect and Inhibition of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury in Metallothionein-Overexpressing Transgenic Mice Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2003; 163(4): 1579 - 1586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Jayasankar, Y. J. Woo, L. T. Bish, T. J. Pirolli, S. Chatterjee, M. F. Berry, J. Burdick, T. J. Gardner, and H. L. Sweeney Gene Transfer of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Attenuates Postinfarction Heart Failure Circulation, September 9, 2003; 108(90101): II-230 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. W. Czerski, P. A. Szweda, and L. I. Szweda Dissociation of Cytochrome c from the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane during Cardiac Ischemia J. Biol. Chem., September 5, 2003; 278(36): 34499 - 34504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. I. Jugdutt and V. Menon Upregulation of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor and Limitation of Myocardial Stunning by Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers during Reperfused Myocardial Infarction in the Rat Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, September 1, 2003; 8(3): 217 - 226. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Inagaki, H. S. Hahn, G. W. Dorn II, and D. Mochly-Rosen Additive Protection of the Ischemic Heart Ex Vivo by Combined Treatment With {delta}-Protein Kinase C Inhibitor and {epsilon}-Protein Kinase C Activator Circulation, August 19, 2003; 108(7): 869 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z.-K. Wu, J. Laurikka, A. Saraste, V. Kyto, E. J. Pehkonen, T. Savunen, and M. R. Tarkka Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ischemic preconditioning in open heart operations Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2003; 76(2): 528 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tatsumi, J. Shiraishi, N. Keira, K. Akashi, A. Mano, S. Yamanaka, S. Matoba, S. Fushiki, H. Fliss, and M. Nakagawa Intracellular ATP is required for mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in isolated hypoxic rat cardiac myocytes Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2003; 59(2): 428 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-Q. Z.-Q. Zhao, C. D. Morris, J. M. Budde, N.-P. N.-P. Wang, S. Muraki, H.-Y. H.-Y. Sun, and R. A. Guyton Inhibition of myocardial apoptosis reduces infarct size and improves regional contractile dysfunction during reperfusion Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2003; 59(1): 132 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chatterjee, L. T. Bish, V. Jayasankar, A. S. Stewart, Y. J. Woo, M. T. Crow, T. J. Gardner, and H. L. Sweeney Blocking the development of postischemic cardiomyopathy with viral gene transfer of the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., June 1, 2003; 125(6): 1461 - 1469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ichinose, H. Yonemochi, T. Sato, and T. Saikawa Diazoxide triggers cardioprotection against apoptosis induced by oxidative stress Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): H2235 - H2241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Fortuno, A. Gonzalez, S. Ravassa, B. Lopez, and J. Diez Clinical implications of apoptosis in hypertensive heart disease Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): H1495 - H1506. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Sack and D. M. Yellon Insulin therapy as an adjunct toreperfusion after acute coronary ischemia: A proposed direct myocardial cell survival effect independent of metabolic modulation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 16, 2003; 41(8): 1404 - 1407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Abbate, G. G. L. Biondi-Zoccai, R. Bussani, A. Dobrina, D. Camilot, F. Feroce, R. Rossiello, F. Baldi, F. Silvestri, L. M. Biasucci, et al. Increased myocardial apoptosis in patients with unfavorable left ventricular remodeling and early symptomatic post-infarction heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 5, 2003; 41(5): 753 - 760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Mani and R. N. Kitsis Myocyte apoptosis: programming ventricular remodeling J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 5, 2003; 41(5): 761 - 764. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Jin, R. Yang, W. Li, A. K. Ogasawara, R. Schwall, D. A. Eberhard, Z. Zheng, D. Kahn, and N. F. Paoni Early Treatment with Hepatocyte Growth Factor Improves Cardiac Function in Experimental Heart Failure Induced by Myocardial Infarction J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2003; 304(2): 654 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lee, M. Sata, D. J. Lefer, S. M. Factor, K. Walsh, and R. N. Kitsis Fas pathway is a critical mediator of cardiac myocyte death and MI during ischemia-reperfusion in vivo Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2003; 284(2): H456 - H463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. E. Holzknecht, K. L. Kuypers, T. B. Plummer, J. Williams, M. Bustos, G. J. Gores, G. J. Brunn, and J. L. Platt Apoptosis and Cellular Activation in the Pathogenesis of Acute Vascular Rejection Circ. Res., December 13, 2002; 91(12): 1135 - 1141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Liu, B. Xu, T. A Cavalieri, and C. E Hock Age-related difference in myocardial function and inflammation in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2002; 56(3): 443 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Pruefer, U. Buerke, M. Khalil, M. Dahm, H. Darius, H. Oelert, and M. Buerke Cardioprotective effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin after regional ischemia and reperfusion on the beating heart J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2002; 124(5): 942 - 949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P A J Krijnen, R Nijmeijer, C J L M Meijer, C A Visser, C E Hack, and H W M Niessen Apoptosis in myocardial ischaemia and infarction J. Clin. Pathol., November 1, 2002; 55(11): 801 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Kubasiak, O. M. Hernandez, N. H. Bishopric, and K. A. Webster Hypoxia and acidosis activate cardiac myocyte death through the Bcl-2 family protein BNIP3 PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 12825 - 12830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. L. Maddock, M. M. Mocanu, and D. M. Yellon Adenosine A3 receptor activation protects the myocardium from reperfusion/reoxygenation injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2002; 283(4): H1307 - H1313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Suzuki, B. Murtuza, I. A. Sammut, N. Latif, J. Jayakumar, R. T. Smolenski, Y. Kaneda, Y. Sawa, H. Matsuda, and M. H. Yacoub Heat Shock Protein 72 Enhances Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Activity During Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Associated With Mitochondrial Protection and Apoptosis Reduction Circulation, September 24, 2002; 106(12_suppl_1): I-270 - I-276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Stamm, I. Friehs, D. B. Cowan, H. Cao-Danh, Y.-H. Choi, L. F. Duebener, F. X. McGowan, and P. J. del Nido Dopamine Treatment of Postischemic Contractile Dysfunction Rapidly Induces Calcium-Dependent Pro-Apoptotic Signaling Circulation, September 24, 2002; 106(12_suppl_1): I-290 - I-298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Abbate, R. Bussani, G. G.L. Biondi-Zoccai, R. Rossiello, F. Silvestri, F. Baldi, L. M. Biasucci, and A. Baldi Persistent Infarct-Related Artery Occlusion Is Associated With an Increased Myocardial Apoptosis at Postmortem Examination in Humans Late After an Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, August 27, 2002; 106(9): 1051 - 1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-Q. Zhao and J. Vinten-Johansen Myocardial apoptosis and ischemic preconditioning Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 2002; 55(3): 438 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Date, A. J Belanger, S. Mochizuki, J. A Sullivan, L. X Liu, A. Scaria, S. H Cheng, R. J Gregory, and C. Jiang Adenovirus-mediated expression of p35 prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by reducing reactive oxygen species and caspase activity Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2002; 55(2): 309 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.D. Dispersyn, L. Mesotten, B. Meuris, A. Maes, L. Mortelmans, W. Flameng, F. Ramaekers, and M. Borgers Dissociation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dedifferentiation in infarct border zones Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2002; 23(11): 849 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Yaniv, M. Shilkrut, R. Lotan, G. Berke, S. Larisch, and O. Binah Hypoxia predisposes neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to apoptosis induced by activation of the Fas (CD95/Apo-1) receptor: Fas activation and apoptosis in hypoxic myocytes Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2002; 54(3): 611 - 623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. ZINGARELLI, P. W. HAKE, Z. YANG, M. O'CONNOR, A. DENENBERG, and H. R. WONG Absence of inducible nitric oxide synthase modulates early reperfusion-induced NF-{kappa}B and AP-1 activation and enhances myocardial damage FASEB J, March 1, 2002; 16(3): 327 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ruiz-Santana, A. Lopez, S. Torres, A. Rey, A. Losada, L. Latasa, J. L. Manzano, and B. N. Diaz-Chico Prevention of Dexamethasone-Induced Lymphocytic Apoptosis in the Intestine and in Peyer Patches by Enteral Nutrition JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, November 1, 2001; 25(6): 338 - 345. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Shiraishi, T. Tatsumi, N. Keira, K. Akashi, A. Mano, S. Yamanaka, S. Matoba, J. Asayama, T. Yaoi, S. Fushiki, et al. Important role of energy-dependent mitochondrial pathways in cultured rat cardiac myocyte apoptosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): H1637 - H1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Suzuki, B. Murtuza, R. T. Smolenski, I. A. Sammut, N. Suzuki, Y. Kaneda, and M. H. Yacoub Overexpression of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Provides Cardioprotection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Associated With Reduction in Apoptosis Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104 (2009): I-308 - I-313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Stadler, J. Phillips, Y. Toyoda, M. Federman, S. Levitsky, and J. D. McCully Adenosine-enhanced ischemic preconditioning modulates necrosis and apoptosis: effects of stunning and ischemia-reperfusion Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2001; 72(2): 555 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Scarabelli, A. Stephanou, N. Rayment, E. Pasini, L. Comini, S. Curello, R. Ferrari, R. Knight, and D. Latchman Apoptosis of Endothelial Cells Precedes Myocyte Cell Apoptosis in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Circulation, July 17, 2001; 104(3): 253 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Liu, B. C. McPherson, and Z. Yao Preconditioning attenuates apoptosis and necrosis: role of protein kinase C{epsilon} and -{delta} isoforms Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2001; 281(1): H404 - H410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Palojoki, A. Saraste, A. Eriksson, K. Pulkki, M. Kallajoki, L.-M. Voipio-Pulkki, and I. Tikkanen Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): H2726 - H2731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-W. Wang, Z. Zhou, J. B. Klein, and Y. J. Kang Inhibition of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in metallothionein-overexpressing cardiomyocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): H2292 - H2299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Chen, C. C. Chua, Y.-S. Ho, R. C. Hamdy, and B. H. L. Chua Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuates apoptosis and protects against myocardial I/R injury in transgenic mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2001; 280(5): H2313 - H2320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. RAY, J. L. MARTIN, E. A. SWANSON, H. OTANI, W. H. DILLMANN, and D. K. DAS Transgene overexpression of {alpha}B crystallin confers simultaneous protection against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion FASEB J, February 1, 2001; 15(2): 393 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-P. Wang, H. Xu, K. Mizoguchi, M. Oe, and H. Maeta Intestinal ischemia induces late preconditioning against myocardial infarction: a role for inducible nitric oxide synthase Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2001; 49(2): 391 - 398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-F. Wang, X. Ren, J. DeAngelis, J. Min, Y. Zhang, T. G. Hampton, I. Amende, and J. P. Morgan Differential Patterns of Cocaine-Induced Organ Toxicity in Murine Heart versus Liver Experimental Biology and Medicine, January 1, 2001; 226(1): 52 - 60. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Bergh, O. Collin, and E. Lissbrant Effects of Acute Graded Reductions in Testicular Blood Flow on Testicular Morphology in the Adult Rat Biol Reprod, January 1, 2001; 64(1): 13 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Xu, A. S. Clanachan, and B. I. Jugdutt Enhanced Expression of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor, Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor, and Protein Kinase C{epsilon} During Cardioprotection Induced by Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockade Hypertension, October 1, 2000; 36(4): 506 - 510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yasui, K. Kada, M. Hojo, J.-K. Lee, K. Kamiya, J. Toyama, T. Opthof, and I. Kodama Cell-to-cell interaction prevents cell death in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2000; 48(1): 68 - 76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. W. J. Dumont, L. Hofstra, W. L. van Heerde, S. van den Eijnde, P. A. F. Doevendans, E. DeMuinck, M. A. R. C. Daemen, J. F. M. Smits, P. Frederik, H. J. J. Wellens, et al. Cardiomyocyte Death Induced by Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion : Measurement With Recombinant Human Annexin-V in a Mouse Model Circulation, September 26, 2000; 102(13): 1564 - 1568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mustapha, A. Kirshner, D. De Moissac, and L. A. Kirshenbaum A direct requirement of nuclear factor-kappa B for suppression of apoptosis in ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): H939 - H945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Kang, A. Haunstetter, H. Aoki, A. Usheva, and S. Izumo Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Adult Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis During Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Circ. Res., July 21, 2000; 87(2): 118 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Yi Xu, V. Menon, and B. I Jugdutt Cardioprotection after angiotensin II type 1 blockade involves angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression and activation of protein kinase C-{varepsilon} in acutely reperfused myocardial infarction in the dog: Effect of UP269-6 and losartan on AT1- and AT2-receptor expression and IP3 receptor and PKC{varepsilon} proteins Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, June 1, 2000; 1(2): 184 - 195. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Schaffer, C. B. Croft, and V. Solodushko Cardioprotective effect of chronic hyperglycemia: effect on hypoxia-induced apoptosis and necrosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): H1948 - H1954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|