© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Design Principles of Vascular Beds
From the Department of Physiology (A.R.P., P.G.), Freie Universität Berlin (Germany), and the Department of Physiology (T.W.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson.
Correspondence to A.R. Pries, MD, Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Physiology, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Abstract Hemodynamic parameters
were determined in each vessel segment of six complete microvascular
networks in the rat mesentery by using a combination of experimental
measurements and theoretical simulations. For a total number of 2592
segments, a strong unified dependence of wall shear stress on
intravascular pressure for arterioles, capillaries, and venules was
obtained. All three types of segments exhibit an essentially identical
variation of shear stress from high to low values (from 
100 to 10
dyne/cm2) as intravascular pressure falls from 70 to 15
mm Hg. On the basis of these observations, it is proposed that
vascular beds grow and adapt so as to maintain the shear stress in each
vessel at a level that depends on local transmural pressure. In
contrast to Murray’s classic ‘minimum-cost’ hypothesis, which
implies uniformity of wall shear rate throughout the vasculature, the
proposed design principle provides an explanation for the functionally
important arteriovenous asymmetry of wall shear rates and flow
resistance in the circulation.
Key Words: shear stress • intravascular pressure • growth • optimal design • vascular remodeling
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