Articles |
From the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
Correspondence to X.-Jian Yuan, MD, PhD, Pulmonary Division, UMAB Medical School, 10 S Pine St, Suite 800, Baltimore, MD 21201.
Abstract The membrane potential (Em) of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) regulates pulmonary arterial tone by controlling voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activity, which is a major contributor to [Ca2+]i. The resting membrane is mainly permeable to K+; thus, the resting Em is controlled by K+ permeability through sarcolemmal K+ channels. At least three K+ currents, voltage-gated K+ (KV) currents, Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) currents, and ATP-sensitive (KATP) currents, have been identified in PASMCs. In this study, both patch-clamp and quantitative fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to determine which kind(s) of K+ channels (KV, KCa, and/or KATP) is responsible for controlling Em and [Ca2+]i under resting conditions in rat PASMCs. When the bath solution contained 1.8 mmol/L Ca2+ and the pipette solution included 0.1 mmol/L EGTA, depolarizations (-40 to +80 mV) elicited both KCa and KV currents. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ and increase of intracellular EGTA concentration (to 10 mmol/L) eliminated the Ca2+ influxdependent KCa current. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, 5 to 10 mmol/L) but not charybdotoxin (ChTX, 10 to 20 nmol/L) significantly reduced KV current under these conditions. In current-clamp experiments, 4-AP decreased Em (depolarization) and induced Ca2+-dependent action potentials; this depolarization increased [Ca2+]i in intact PASMCs. Neither ChTX nor the specific blocker of KATP channels, glibenclamide (2 to 10 µmol/L), caused membrane depolarization and the increase in [Ca2+]i. However, pretreatment of PASMCs with ChTX enhanced the 4-APinduced increase in [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that the 4-APsensitive KV currents that are active in the resting state are the major contributors to regulation of Em and thus [Ca2+]i in rat PASMCs.
Key Words: voltage-gated K+ channels Ca2+-activated K+ channels ATP-sensitive K+ channels membrane potential intracellular Ca2+
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A. M. Evans, O. N. Osipenko, S. G. Haworth, and A. M. Gurney Resting potentials and potassium currents during development of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H887 - H899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. S. Lamb and T. J. Barna Chloride ion currents contribute functionally to norepinephrine-induced vascular contraction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): H151 - H160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. J Taggart and S. Wray Hypoxia and smooth muscle function: key regulatory events during metabolic stress J. Physiol., June 1, 1998; 509(2): 315 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. A. Shimoda, J. T. Sylvester, and J. S. K. Sham Inhibition of voltage-gated K+ current in rat intrapulmonary arterial myocytes by endothelin-1 Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): L842 - L853. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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X.-J. Yuan, J. Wang, M. Juhaszova, V. A. Golovina, and L. J. Rubin Molecular basis and function of voltage-gated K+ channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): L621 - L635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Szentivanyi Jr, V. Berczi, T. Huttl, R. S. Reneman, and E. Monos Venous Myogenic Tone and Its Regulation Through K+ Channels Depends on Chronic Intravascular Pressure Circ. Res., December 19, 1997; 81(6): 988 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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H. Hamada, D. S. Damron, S. J. Hong, D. R. Van Wagoner, and P. A. Murray Phenylephrine-Induced Ca2+ Oscillations in Canine Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Circ. Res., November 19, 1997; 81(5): 812 - 823. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. V. Smirnov and P. I. Aaronson Modulatory Effects of Arachidonic Acid on the Delayed Rectifier K+ Current in Rat Pulmonary Arterial Myocytes: Structural Aspects and Involvement of Protein Kinase C Circ. Res., July 1, 1996; 79(1): 20 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. L. Archer, J. M.C. Huang, H. L. Reeve, V. Hampl, S. Tolarova, E. Michelakis, and E. K. Weir Differential Distribution of Electrophysiologically Distinct Myocytes in Conduit and Resistance Arteries Determines Their Response to Nitric Oxide and Hypoxia Circ. Res., March 1, 1996; 78(3): 431 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J. N. Rao, O. Platoshyn, L. Li, X. Guo, V. A. Golovina, J. X.-J. Yuan, and J.-Y. Wang Activation of K+ channels and increased migration of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells after wounding Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): C885 - C898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. V Smirnov, R. Beck, P. Tammaro, T. Ishii, and P. I Aaronson Electrophysiologically distinct smooth muscle cell subtypes in rat conduit and resistance pulmonary arteries J. Physiol., February 1, 2002; 538(3): 867 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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