© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Arterial Wall Mechanics in Conscious Dogs
Assessment of Viscous, Inertial, and Elastic Moduli to Characterize Aortic Wall Behavior
From the Basic Sciences Research Institute (R.L.A., J.G.B., R.H.P.), Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the Centre de Médicine Preventive Cardiovasculaire (J.L., A.S.), Hôpital Broussais, Paris, France.
Abstract To evaluate arterial physiopathology, complete
arterial wall mechanical characterization is necessary. This study
presents a model for determining the elastic response of elastin
(
E, where is stress), collagen
(C), and smooth muscle (SM) fibers and
viscous (
) and inertial (M) aortic
wall behaviors. Our work assumes that the total stress developed by the
wall to resist stretching is governed by the elastic modulus of elastin
fibers (EE), the elastic modulus of collagen
(EC) affected by the fraction of collagen fibers
(fC) recruited to support wall stress, and the elastic
modulus of the maximally contracted vascular smooth muscle
(ESM) affected by an activation function (fA).
We constructed the constitutive equation of the aortic wall on the
basis of three different hookean materials and two nonlinear functions,
fA and fC:
 |
 |
is strain and 0E is strain at zero
stress. Stress-strain relations in the control state and during
activation of smooth muscle (phenylephrine, 5
µg · kg-1 · min-1 IV) were obtained
by transient occlusions of the descending aorta and the inferior vena
cava in 15 conscious dogs by using descending thoracic aortic pressure
(microtransducer) and diameter (sonomicrometry) measurements. The
fC was not linear with strain, and at the onset of
significant collagen participation in the elastic response (break point
of the stress-strain relation), 6.02±2.6% collagen fibers were
recruited at 23% of stretching of the unstressed diameter. The
fA exhibited a skewed unimodal curve with a maximum level
of activation at 28.3±7.9% of stretching. The aortic wall dynamic
behavior was modified by activation increasing viscous () and
inertial (M) moduli from the control to active state (viscous,
3.8±1.3x104 to 7.8±1.1x104
dyne · s · cm-2, P<.0005;
inertial, 61±42 to 91±23
dyne · s2 · cm-2,
P<.05). Finally, the purely elastic stress-strain
relation was assessed by subtracting the viscous and inertial
behaviors.
Key Words: aortic mechanical properties • constitutive equation • stress-strain relation • collagen recruitment function • vascular smooth muscle activation function
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