Circulation Research, Vol 66, 37-45, Copyright © 1990 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Residual strain in rat left ventricle

JH Omens and YC Fung
Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences (Bioengineering), University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093.

Residual stress in an organ is defined as the stress that remains when all external loads are removed. Residual stress has generally been ignored in published papers on left ventricular wall stress. To take residual stress into account in the analysis of stress distributions in a beating heart, one must first measure the residual strain in the no- load state of the heart. Residual strains in equatorial cross-sectional rings (2-3 mm thick) of five potassium-arrested rat left ventricles were measured. The effects of friction and external loading were reduced by submersing the specimen in fluid, and a hypothermic, hyperkalemic arresting solution containing nifedipine and EGTA was used to delay the onset of ischemic contracture. Stainless steel microspheres (60-100 microns) were lightly imbedded on the surface of the slices, and the coordinates of the microspheres were digitized from photographs taken before and after a radial cut was made through the left ventricular free wall. Two-dimensional strains computed from the deformation of a slice after one radial cut were defined as the residual strains in that slice. It was found that the distributions of the principal residual stretch ratios were asymmetric with respect to the radial cut: in areas where substantial transmural strain gradients existed, the distributions of strain components were different on the two sides of the radial cut. A second radial cut produced deformations significantly smaller than those produced from the first radial cut. Hence, a slice with one radial cut may be considered stress free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. A. Holzapfel and R. W. Ogden Constitutive modelling of passive myocardium: a structurally based framework for material characterization Phil Trans R Soc A, September 13, 2009; 367(1902): 3445 - 3475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhang, C. S. Chung, L. Shmuylovich, and S. J. Kovacs Is left ventricular volume during diastasis the real equilibrium volume, and what is its relationship to diastolic suction? J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2008; 105(3): 1012 - 1014. [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhang and S. J. Kovacs The diastatic pressure-volume relationship is not the same as the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2750 - H2760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. D. Jobsis, H. Ashikaga, H. Wen, E. C. Rothstein, K. A. Horvath, E. R. McVeigh, and R. S. Balaban The visceral pericardium: macromolecular structure and contribution to passive mechanical properties of the left ventricle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2007; 293(6): H3379 - H3387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Guo, Y. Lanir, and G. S. Kassab Effect of osmolarity on the zero-stress state and mechanical properties of aorta Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): H2328 - H2334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Rehal, X. Guo, X. Lu, and G. S. Kassab Duration of no-load state affects opening angle of porcine coronary arteries Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): H1871 - H1878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Koutroulis Letter to the Editors Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2005; 6(2): 83 - 83. [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Guo, X. Lu, and G. S. Kassab Transmural strain distribution in the blood vessel wall Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H881 - H886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Ingber Tensegrity I. Cell structure and hierarchical systems biology J. Cell Sci., April 1, 2003; 116(7): 1157 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Sussman, A. McCulloch, and T. K. Borg Dance Band on the Titanic: Biomechanical Signaling in Cardiac Hypertrophy Circ. Res., November 15, 2002; 91(10): 888 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Guccione, S. M. Moonly, A. W. Wallace, and M. B. Ratcliffe Residual stress produced by ventricular volume reduction surgery has little effect on ventricular function and mechanics: A finite element model study J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 2001; 122(3): 592 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Lisauskas, J. Singh, A. W. Bowman, and S. J. Kovacs Chamber properties from transmitral flow: prediction of average and passive left ventricular diastolic stiffness J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2001; 91(1): 154 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. S. Nelson, E. Y. Sayed-Ahmed, C. A. G. Kroeker, Y.-H. Sun, H. E. D. J. T. Keurs, N. G. Shrive, and J. V. Tyberg Compression of interventricular septum during right ventricular pressure loading Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2001; 280(6): H2639 - H2648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Weis, J. L. Emery, K. D. Becker, D. J. McBride Jr, J. H. Omens, and A. D. McCulloch Myocardial Mechanics and Collagen Structure in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Murine (oim) Circ. Res., October 13, 2000; 87(8): 663 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Bell, L. Nyland, M. D. Tischler, M. McNabb, H. Granzier, and M. M. LeWinter Alterations in the Determinants of Diastolic Suction During Pacing Tachycardia Circ. Res., August 4, 2000; 87(3): 235 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. P. Kiehart, C. G. Galbraith, K. A. Edwards, W. L. Rickoll, and R. A. Montague Multiple Forces Contribute to Cell Sheet Morphogenesis for Dorsal Closure in Drosophila J. Cell Biol., April 17, 2000; 149(2): 471 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Frobert, H. Gregersen, J. Bjerre, J. P. Bagger, and G. S. Kassab Relation between zero-stress state and branching order of porcine left coronary arterial tree Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): H2283 - H2290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Gregersen, G. Kassab, E. Pallencaoe, C. Lee, S. Chien, R. Skalak, and Y. C. Fung Morphometry and strain distribution in guinea pig duodenum with reference to the zero-stress state Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): G865 - G874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. D. Costa, K. May-Newman, D. Farr, W. G. O'Dell, A. D. McCulloch, and J. H. Omens Three-dimensional residual strain in midanterior canine left ventricle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): H1968 - H1976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]