Reflex Regulation of Arterial Pressure during Sleep in Man

A Quantitative Method of Assessing Baroreflex Sensitivity

¹ Department of the Regius Professor of Medicine and Cardiac Department, Radcliffe Infirmary Oxford, England

The control of arterial pressure during sleep was studied in 13 untreated, unsedated subjects aged 20 to 46, including 7 with hypertension. Arterial pressure was measured directly. A transient rise of arterial pressure up to 30 mm Hg was produced by the sudden intravenous injection of 0.25 to 2 µg of angiotensin. Linear plots were obtained in 10 of 13 subjects when the systolic pressures of successive pulses during the pressure rise were plotted against the pulse intervals which began the next beat. The relationship was disturbed by movement or arousal, and was better when pulse intervals falling in inspiration were discarded.

The slope of the line (milliseconds of cardiac slowing per millimeter rise in systolic pressure) in the awake subject ranged from 2 to 15.5 msec/mm Hg, and from 4.5 to 28.9 during sleep. Reflex sensitivity was highest in dreaming sleep. In 7 of 10 subjects, baroreflex sensitivity increased significantly during sleep; in 6, the prevailing arterial pressure was inversely correlated with the baroreflex sensitivity. The pressure appeared to be the dependent variable. It is concluded that the baroreceptor reflex are can be rapidly reset, particularly during sleep. The lower arterial pressures during sleep may be actively maintained in some subjects by increased baroreflex sensitivity.

Accepted on October 31, 1968

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				M. J. Carvalho, A. H. van den Meiracker, F. Boomsma, M. Lima, J. Freitas, A. J. M. i.’t Veld, and A. Falcao de Freitas Diurnal Blood Pressure Variation in Progressive Autonomic Failure Hypertension, April 1, 2000; 35(4): 892 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. K. Muenter, D. E. Watenpaugh, W. L. Wasmund, S. L. Wasmund, S. A. Maxwell, and M. L. Smith Effect of sleep restriction on orthostatic cardiovascular control in humans J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2000; 88(3): 966 - 972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Sleight Sleep revisited Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 197 - 199. [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Lombardi and G. Parati An update on: cardiovascular and respiratory changes during sleep in normal and hypertensive subjects Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 200 - 211. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. N. van Vliet and J.-P. Montani Baroreflex stabilization of the double product Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1999; 277(5): H1679 - H1689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z.-Z. Shan, S.-M. Dai, and D.-F. Su Relationship between baroreceptor reflex function and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1999; 277(3): H1200 - H1206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Ricketts and G. A. Head A five-parameter logistic equation for investigating asymmetry of curvature in baroreflex studies Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 1999; 277(2): R441 - R454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]