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(Circulation Research. 2007;100:1116.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

Reviews

Stem Cells and the Regeneration of the Aging Cardiovascular System

Victoria L.T. Ballard, Jay M. Edelberg

From the Departments of Medicine (V.L.T.B., J.M.E.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (J.M.E.), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York.

Correspondence to Jay M. Edelberg, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Rd, Mail code: UW2109, King of Prussia, PA 19406. E-mail jay.m.edelberg{at}gsk.com

This Review is part of a thematic series on the Biological Role of Senescence in Cardiovascular Disease, which includes the following articles:

Telomere Biology and Cardiovascular Disease

Vascular Cell Senescence: Contribution to Atherosclerosis

Stem Cells and the Regeneration of the Aging Cardiovascular System

Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disease in Accelerated Aging Syndromes

Mechanisms Underlying Caloric Restriction, Lipid Metabolism, and Life Span Regulation
Issei Komuro Guest Editor

It is well established that cardiovascular repair mechanisms become progressively impaired with age and that advanced age is itself a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although therapeutic developments have improved the prognosis for those with cardiovascular disease, mortality rates have nevertheless remained virtually unchanged in the last twenty years. Clearly, there is a need for alternative strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the idea that the heart is capable of regeneration has raised the possibility that cell-based therapies may provide such an alternative to conventional treatments. Cells that have the potential to generate cardiomyocytes and vascular cells have been identified in both the adult heart and peripheral tissues, and in vivo experiments suggest that these cardiovascular stem cells and cardiovascular progenitor cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, are capable of replacing damaged myocardium and vascular tissues. Despite these findings, the endogenous actions of cardiovascular stem cells and cardiovascular progenitor cells appear to be insufficient to protect against cardiovascular disease in older individuals. Because recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular stem cells and cardiovascular progenitor cells are subject to age-associated changes that impair their function, these changes may contribute to the dysregulation of endogenous cardiovascular repair mechanisms in the aging heart and vasculature. Here we present the evidence for the impact of aging on cardiovascular stem cell/cardiovascular progenitor cell function and its potential importance in the increased severity of cardiovascular pathophysiology observed in the geriatric population.

Key Words: cardiac stem cell • endothelial progenitor cell • regeneration • aging

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