Published online before print February 22, 2007, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000261351.54147.de
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
Molecular Medicine |
Angiotensin II, Focal Adhesion Kinase, and PRX1 Enhance Smooth Muscle Expression of Lipoma Preferred Partner and its Newly Identified Binding Partner Palladin to Promote Cell Migration
From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (L.J., A.V.S.), Department of Medicine (B.R.W.), Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (M.S.K.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology and the Neuroscience Center (C.A.O.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
Correspondence to Avril V. Somlyo, PhD, University of Virginia, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue P.O. Box 800736 Jordan Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0736. E-mail avs5u{at}virginia.edu
Lipoma preferred partner (LPP) is a proline rich LIM domain family protein highly expressed at plasma membrane dense bodies and focal adhesions in smooth muscle cells.1 Using the C-terminus of LPP as bait in a yeast two hybrid system, palladin, an actin-associated protein was identified. The palladin interacting region of LPP was mapped to the first and second LIM domains. The N-terminus of palladin interacted with LPP both in vitro and in vivo, but not solely through its FPLPPP and FPPPP motifs. Like LPP, palladin, is highly expressed in differentiated smooth muscle, colocalized at focal adhesions, at isolated lamellipodia and at dense bodies in smooth muscle tissue. Both LPP and palladin enhanced cell migration and spreading. LPP and palladin expression was markedly decreased, in contrast to vinculin or paxillin, in migration defective focal adhesion kinase null cells, but was restored by expression of the paired-related homeobox gene-1 protein. We have previously shown in focal adhesion kinase null cells, that tetracycline induced expression of focal adhesion kinase upregulated expression of LPP2 and now show upregulation of palladin, and paired-related homeobox gene-1 protein. The expression of both LPP and palladin, like smooth muscle 
-actin, was increased by angiotensin II, regulated by actin dynamics, upregulated by myocardin and expressed in the neointima of injured aorta. Overall, the data suggest that the function of LPP and palladin is context dependent, that they play a critical role in cytoskeletal remodeling, respond to signals induced by vascular injury as well as signals that induce smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, such as angiotension II.
Key Words: lipoma preferred partner • migration • palladin • smooth muscle • vascular injury
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