Circulation Research. 2005
Published online before print October 6, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000189259.69645.25
Published online before print October 6, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000189259.69645.25
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Submitted on May 12, 2005
Revised on August 26, 2005
Accepted on September 22, 2005
Mobilization of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Enhances the Angiogenic Response to Hypoxia Without Transdifferentiation Into Endothelial Cells
Thomas J. O’Neill IV ;
From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (T.J.O.’N., B.R.W., G.K.O.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (T.J.O.’N., T.C.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gko{at}virginia.edu.
Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) have been implicated as a modifiers of vascular growth either directly by transdifferentiation into endothelial cells (ECs) or indirectly through growth factor release. To examine these possibilities under physiological conditions, we developed a model of hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis in the mouse spinotrapezius muscle. This allows whole-mount analysis; therefore, the morphology and location of BMCs within the vascular network may be observed along with differentiation markers. We exposed bone marrow transplant chimeric mice to hypoxia and treated a subset with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Exposure to hypoxia caused an 13% increase in capillary density relative to control. Hypoxia did not increase the overall number of muscle-resident BMCs, but did increase the number of rounded BMCs by 25%. There was no discernable BMC contribution to the endothelium, although some BMCs assumed a pericyte morphology around capillaries. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment further increased the number of round BMCs within the muscle and caused a 23% increase in angiogenesis. The results of this study suggest a potentially beneficial action of BMCs during hypoxia through paracrine release of growth factors but not transdifferentiation into ECs.
Key words: adult stem cells • angiogenesis • bone marrow • hypoxia
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