Published online before print July 8, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000138447.81133.98
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Submitted on February 26, 2004
Revised on June 24, 2004
Accepted on June 29, 2004
Subcortical Ca2+ Waves Sneaking Under the Plasma Membrane in Endothelial Cells
Masashi Isshiki *;
From the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: isshiki-tky{at}umin.ac.jp.
Subplasmalemmal Ca2+, dynamically equilibrated with extracellular Ca2+, affects numerous signaling molecules, effectors, and events within this restricted space. We demonstrated the presence of a novel Ca2+ wave propagating beneath the plasma membrane in response to acute elevation of extracellular [Ca2+], by targeting a Ca2+ sensor, cameleon, to the endothelial plasmalemma. These subcortical waves, spatially distinct from classical cytosolic Ca2+ waves, originated in localized regions and propagated throughout the subplasmalemma. Translocation of an expressed GFP fused with a PH domain of PLC
from the plasma membrane to the cytosol accompanied these subcortical waves, and U73122 attenuated not only the GFP-PH translocation, but also the peak amplitude of the subcortical Ca2+ waves; this finding suggests the involvement of local IP3 production through PLC-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis in the initiation of these waves. Changes in NO production as well as PKC
-GFP translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, but not of GFP-PLA2 to perinuclear endomembranes, were associated with the subplasmalemmal Ca2+ changes. Thus, extracellular Ca2+ maintains the basal PLC activity of the plasma membrane, is involved in the initiation of compartmentalized subcortical Ca2+ waves, and regulates Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules residing in or translocated to the plasma membrane. The full text of this article is available online at http://circres.ahajournals.org.
Key words: subplasmalemmal Ca2+ • FRET • cameleon • endothelium • phospholipase C
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