Published online before print December 29, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000115554.65513.7C
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Submitted on July 3, 2003
Revised on December 11, 2003
Accepted on December 17, 2003
NADH Oxidase Activity of Rat Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Regulates Calcium-Induced Calcium Release
Gennady Cherednichenko ;
From the Department of Molecular Biosciences (G.C., W.F., I.N.P.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Veteran Affairs (S.S.), Northern California Health Care System, University of California, Davis, Calif; Department of Physiology (A.V.Z., L.A.B.), Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Ill.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: inpessah{at}ucdavis.edu.
NADH and Ca2+ have important regulatory functions in cardiomyocytes related to excitation-contraction coupling and ATP production. To elucidate elements of these functions, we examined the effect of NADH on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and the mechanisms of this regulation. Physiological concentrations of cytosolic NADH inhibited ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2)-mediated Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from SR membranes (IC50=120 µmol/L) and significantly lowered single channel open probability. In permeabilized single ventricular cardiomyocytes, NADH significantly inhibited the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ release. Blockers of electron transport prevented the inhibitory effect of NADH on CICR in isolated membranes and permeabilized cells, as well as on the activity of RyR2 channels reconstituted in lipid bilayer. An endogenous NADH oxidase activity from rat heart copurified with SR enriched with RyR2. A significant contribution by mitochondria was excluded as NADH oxidation by SR exhibited >9-fold higher catalytic activity (8.8 µmol/mg protein per minute) in the absence of exogenous mitochondrial complex (MC) I (ubiquinone) or MC III (cytochrome c) electron acceptors, but was inhibited by rotenone and pyridaben (IC50=2 to 3 nmol/L), antimycin A (IC50=13 nmol/L), and diphenyleneiodonium (IC50=28 µmol/L). Cardiac junctional SR treated with [3H](trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl-pyridaben specifically labeled a single 23-kDa PSST-like protein. These data indicate that NADH oxidation is tightly linked to, and essential for, negative regulation of the RyR2 complex and is a likely component of an important physiological negative-feedback mechanism coupling SR Ca2+ fluxes and mitochondrial energy production.
Key words: ryanodine receptors • cardiac SR NADH oxidase • rotenone
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