Circulation Research. 2003
Published online before print September 18, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000096651.13001.B4
Published online before print September 18, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000096651.13001.B4
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on February 28, 2003
Revised on September 8, 2003
Accepted on September 10, 2003
Diverse Contribution of Bone Marrow Cells to Neointimal Hyperplasia After Mechanical Vascular Injuries
Kimie Tanaka ;
From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.T., M.S., Y.H., R.N.), University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; PRESTO (M.S.), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sata-2im{at}h.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
We and others have suggested that bone marrow-derived progenitor cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. On the other hand, it was reported that bone marrow cells do not participate substantially in vascular remodeling in other experimental systems. In this study, three distinct types of mechanical vascular injuries were induced in the same mouse whose bone marrow had been reconstituted with that of GFP- or LacZ- mice. All injuries are known to cause smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia. At 4 weeks after wire-mediated endovascular injury, a significant number of the neointimal and medial cells derived from bone marrow. In contrast, marker-positive cells were seldom detected in the lesion induced by perivascular cuff replacement. There were only a few bone marrow-derived cells in the neointima after ligation of the common carotid artery. These results indicate that the origin of intimal cells is diverse and that contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to neointimal hyperplasia depends on the type of model.
Key words: bone marrow • smooth muscle cells • atherosclerosis • restenosis • inflammation
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. G. Frid, M. Li, M. Gnanasekharan, D. L. Burke, M. Fragoso, D. Strassheim, J. L. Sylman, and K. R. Stenmark Sustained hypoxia leads to the emergence of cells with enhanced growth, migratory, and promitogenic potentials within the distal pulmonary artery wall Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2009; 297(6): L1059 - L1072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Takahashi Genetic Susceptibility to Restenosis: Role of Bone Marrow Cells and Inflammatory Response Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2009; 29(10): 1407 - 1408. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Langwieser, J. B.K. Schwarz, C. Reichenbacher, B. Stemmer, S. Massberg, N. N. Langwieser, and D. Zohlnhofer Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in the Genetic Control of Restenosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2009; 29(10): 1551 - 1557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Tsai, S. T. Hollenbeck, E. J. Ryer, R. Edlin, D. Yamanouchi, R. Kundi, C. Wang, B. Liu, and K. C. Kent TGF-{beta} through Smad3 signaling stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2009; 297(2): H540 - H549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Zhang, S. Tsai, K. Kato, D. Yamanouchi, C. Wang, S. Rafii, B. Liu, and K. C. Kent Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Promotes Recruitment of Bone Marrow Cells and Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Stimulation of MCP-1 Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., June 26, 2009; 284(26): 17564 - 17574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Li, K. Takeshita, P.-Y. Liu, M. Satoh, N. Oyama, Y. Mukai, M. T. Chin, L. Krebs, M. I. Kotlikoff, F. Radtke, et al. Smooth Muscle Notch1 Mediates Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury Circulation, May 26, 2009; 119(20): 2686 - 2692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Rodriguez-Menocal, M. St-Pierre, Y. Wei, S. Khan, D. Mateu, M. Calfa, A. A. Rahnemai-Azar, G. Striker, S. M. Pham, and R. I. Vazquez-Padron The origin of post-injury neointimal cells in the rat balloon injury model Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2009; 81(1): 46 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schober Chemokines in Vascular Dysfunction and Remodeling Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2008; 28(11): 1950 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Murayama, M. Takahashi, M. Takamoto, Y. Shiba, H. Ise, J. Koyama, Y.-i. Tagawa, Y. Iwakura, and U. Ikeda Deficiency of tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} and interferon-{gamma} in bone marrow cells synergistically inhibits neointimal formation following vascular injury Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2008; 80(2): 175 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Guiducci, O. Distler, J. H. W. Distler, and M. Matucci-Cerinic Mechanisms of vascular damage in SSc--implications for vascular treatment strategies Rheumatology, October 1, 2008; 47(suppl_5): v18 - v20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Kim, L. Zhang, K. Peppel, J.-H. Wu, D. A. Zidar, L. Brian, S. M. DeWire, S. T. Exum, R. J. Lefkowitz, and N. J. Freedman {beta}-Arrestins Regulate Atherosclerosis and Neointimal Hyperplasia by Controlling Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Circ. Res., July 3, 2008; 103(1): 70 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Iwata and M. Sata Origin of Cells That Contribute to Neointima Growth Circulation, June 17, 2008; 117(24): 3060 - 3061. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Yajima, M. Takahashi, H. Morimoto, Y. Shiba, Y. Takahashi, J. Masumoto, H. Ise, J. Sagara, J. Nakayama, S. Taniguchi, et al. Critical Role of Bone Marrow Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein, an Inflammasome Adaptor Molecule, in Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury in Mice Circulation, June 17, 2008; 117(24): 3079 - 3087. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Satoh, T. Matoba, J. Suzuki, M. R. O'Dell, P. Nigro, Z. Cui, A. Mohan, S. Pan, L. Li, Z.-G. Jin, et al. Cyclophilin A Mediates Vascular Remodeling by Promoting Inflammation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Circulation, June 17, 2008; 117(24): 3088 - 3098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H-J Kang, Y-S Kim, B-K Koo, K W Park, H-Y Lee, D-W Sohn, B-H Oh, Y-B Park, and H-S Kim Effects of stem cell therapy with G-CSF on coronary artery after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction Heart, May 1, 2008; 94(5): 604 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Chen, J. M. Abrahams, L. M. Smith, J. H. McVey, R. I. Lechler, and A. Dorling Regenerative repair after endoluminal injury in mice with specific antagonism of protease activated receptors on CD34+ vascular progenitors Blood, April 15, 2008; 111(8): 4155 - 4164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Diao, S. Guthrie, S.-L. Xia, X. Ouyang, L. Zhang, J. Xue, P. Lee, M. Grant, E. Scott, and M. S. Segal Long-Term Engraftment of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in the Intimal Hyperplasia Lesion of Autologous Vein Grafts Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2008; 172(3): 839 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-C. Shyu, S.-Z. Lin, P.-S. Yen, C.-Y. Su, D.-C. Chen, H.-J. Wang, and H. Li Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1{alpha} Promotes Neuroprotection, Angiogenesis, and Mobilization/Homing of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Stroke Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2008; 324(2): 834 - 849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Tanaka, M. Sata, T. Natori, J.-r. Kim-Kaneyama, K. Nose, M. Shibanuma, Y. Hirata, and R. Nagai Circulating progenitor cells contribute to neointimal formation in nonirradiated chimeric mice FASEB J, February 1, 2008; 22(2): 428 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Shimizu, T. Nakazawa, A. Cho, F. Dastvan, D. Shilling, G. Daum, and M. A. Reidy Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Negatively Regulates Neointimal Formation in Mouse Arteries Circ. Res., November 9, 2007; 101(10): 995 - 1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Yamada, T. Kondo, Y. Numaguchi, M. Tsuzuki, T. Matsubara, I. Manabe, M. Sata, R. Nagai, and T. Murohara Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia Through Regulation of Smooth Muscle Like Progenitor Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2007; 27(11): 2363 - 2369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Bentzon, C. S. Sondergaard, M. Kassem, and E. Falk Smooth Muscle Cells Healing Atherosclerotic Plaque Disruptions Are of Local, Not Blood, Origin in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Circulation, October 30, 2007; 116(18): 2053 - 2061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Koide, M. Okazaki, M. Tamura, K. Ozumi, H. Takatsu, F. Kamezaki, A. Tanimoto, H. Tasaki, Y. Sasaguri, Y. Nakashima, et al. PTEN reduces cuff-induced neointima formation and proinflammatory cytokines Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2007; 292(6): H2824 - H2831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. H. Walpoth, P. Zammaretti, M. Cikirikcioglu, E. Khabiri, M. K. Djebaili, J.-C. Pache, J.-C. Tille, Y. Aggoun, D. Morel, A. Kalangos, et al. Enhanced intimal thickening of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts coated with fibrin or fibrin-releasing vascular endothelial growth factor in the pig carotid artery interposition model J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2007; 133(5): 1163 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sumi, M. Sata, S.-i. Miura, K.-A. Rye, N. Toya, Y. Kanaoka, K. Yanaga, T. Ohki, K. Saku, and R. Nagai Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Stimulates Differentiation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Enhances Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2007; 27(4): 813 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sainz and M. Sata CXCR4, a Key Modulator of Vascular Progenitor Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2007; 27(2): 263 - 265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shiba, M. Takahashi, T. Yoshioka, N. Yajima, H. Morimoto, A. Izawa, H. Ise, K. Hatake, K. Motoyoshi, and U. Ikeda M-CSF Accelerates Neointimal Formation in the Early Phase After Vascular Injury in Mice: The Critical Role of the SDF-1-CXCR4 System Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2007; 27(2): 283 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sahara, M. Sata, T. Morita, K. Nakamura, Y. Hirata, and R. Nagai Diverse Contribution of Bone Marrow Derived Cells to Vascular Remodeling Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Arterial Neointimal Formation Circulation, January 30, 2007; 115(4): 509 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kawai-Kowase and G. K. Owens Multiple repressor pathways contribute to phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): C59 - C69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Basi, N. Adhikari, A. Mariash, Q. Li, E. Kao, S. V. Mullegama, and J. L. Hall Femoral artery neointimal hyperplasia is reduced after wire injury in Ref-1+/- mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): H516 - H521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Bentzon, C. Weile, C. S. Sondergaard, J. Hindkjaer, M. Kassem, and E. Falk Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Originate From the Local Vessel Wall and Not Circulating Progenitor Cells in ApoE Knockout Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2006; 26(12): 2696 - 2702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Mayr, J. Zhang, A. S. Greene, D. Gutterman, J. Perloff, and P. Ping Proteomics-based Development of Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Insights Mol. Cell. Proteomics, October 1, 2006; 5(10): 1853 - 1864. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Xiao, L. Zeng, Z. Zhang, A. Margariti, Z. A Ali, K. M. Channon, Q. Xu, and Y. Hu Sca-1+ Progenitors Derived From Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiate Into Endothelial Cells Capable of Vascular Repair After Arterial Injury Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2006; 26(10): 2244 - 2251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Wang, N. Anderson, S.-H. Li, P. E. Szmitko, W.-J. Cherng, P. W.M. Fedak, S. Fazel, R.-K. Li, T. M. Yau, R. D. Weisel, et al. Stem Cell Factor Deficiency Is Vasculoprotective: Unraveling a New Therapeutic Potential of Imatinib Mesylate Circ. Res., September 15, 2006; 99(6): 617 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Takaoka, S. Uemura, H. Kawata, K.-i. Imagawa, Y. Takeda, K. Nakatani, N. Naya, M. Horii, S. Yamano, Y. Miyamoto, et al. Inflammatory Response to Acute Myocardial Infarction Augments Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in a Remote Artery Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2006; 26(9): 2083 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Sainz and M. Sata Maintenance of Vascular Homeostasis by Bone Marrow-Derived Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2006; 26(6): 1196 - 1197. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Schafer, M. R. Schroeter, C. Dellas, M. Puls, M. Nitsche, E. Weiss, G. Hasenfuss, and S. V. Konstantinides Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 From Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Suppresses Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2006; 26(6): 1254 - 1259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sata Role of Circulating Vascular Progenitors in Angiogenesis, Vascular Healing, and Pulmonary Hypertension: Lessons From Animal Models Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2006; 26(5): 1008 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L.-N. Zhang, D. W. Wilson, V. da Cunha, M. E. Sullivan, R. Vergona, J. C. Rutledge, and Y.-X. Wang Endothelial NO Synthase Deficiency Promotes Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells in Association With Upregulation of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1{alpha} in a Mouse Model of Carotid Artery Ligation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2006; 26(4): 765 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Ott, C. Michaelis, M. Schuermann, B. Steppich, I. Seitz, M. Dewerchin, D. Zohlnhofer, R. Wessely, M. Rudelius, A. Schomig, et al. Vascular Remodeling in Mice Lacking the Cytoplasmic Domain of Tissue Factor Circ. Res., August 5, 2005; 97(3): 293 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Fogelstrand, K. Osterberg, and E. Mattsson Reduced neointima in vein grafts following a blockage of cell recruitment from the vein and the surrounding tissue Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2005; 67(2): 326 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Tanaka, M. Sata, D. Fukuda, Y. Suematsu, N. Motomura, S. Takamoto, Y. Hirata, and R. Nagai Age-Associated Aortic Stenosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 5, 2005; 46(1): 134 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Guleng, K. Tateishi, M. Ohta, F. Kanai, A. Jazag, H. Ijichi, Y. Tanaka, M. Washida, K. Morikane, Y. Fukushima, et al. Blockade of the Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1/CXCR4 Axis Attenuates In vivo Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Angiogenesis in a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Independent Manner Cancer Res., July 1, 2005; 65(13): 5864 - 5871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Matsumoto, T. Omura, M. Yoshiyama, T. Hayashi, S. Inamoto, K.-R. Koh, K. Ohta, Y. Izumi, Y. Nakamura, K. Akioka, et al. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2005; 25(6): 1168 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Sasaguri, K.-Y. Wang, A. Tanimoto, M. Tsutsui, H. Ueno, Y. Murata, Y. Kohno, S. Yamada, and H. Ohtsu Role of Histamine Produced by Bone Marrow-Derived Vascular Cells in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis Circ. Res., May 13, 2005; 96(9): 974 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Liu, C. Zhang, N. Dronadula, Q. Li, and G. N. Rao Blockade of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Activation Signaling Suppresses Balloon Injury-induced Neointima Formation in a Rat Carotid Artery Model J. Biol. Chem., April 15, 2005; 280(15): 14700 - 14708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zernecke, A. Schober, I. Bot, P. von Hundelshausen, E. A. Liehn, B. Mopps, M. Mericskay, P. Gierschik, E. A. Biessen, and C. Weber SDF-1{alpha}/CXCR4 Axis Is Instrumental in Neointimal Hyperplasia and Recruitment of Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Circ. Res., April 15, 2005; 96(7): 784 - 791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Fukuda, M. Sata, K. Tanaka, and R. Nagai Potent Inhibitory Effect of Sirolimus on Circulating Vascular Progenitor Cells Circulation, February 22, 2005; 111(7): 926 - 931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kanematsu, S. Yamamoto, E. Iwai-Kanai, I. Kanatani, M. Imamura, R. M. Adam, Y. Tabata, and O. Ogawa Induction of Smooth Muscle Cell-Like Phenotype in Marrow-Derived Cells among Regenerating Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2005; 166(2): 565 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Religa, K. Bojakowski, M. Bojakowska, Z. Gaciong, J. Thyberg, and U. Hedin Allogenic immune response promotes the accumulation of host-derived smooth muscle cells in transplant arteriosclerosis Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2005; 65(2): 535 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Weber, A. Schober, and A. Zernecke Chemokines: Key Regulators of Mononuclear Cell Recruitment in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2004; 24(11): 1997 - 2008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Abedin, Y. Tintut, and L. L. Demer Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Artery Wall Circ. Res., October 1, 2004; 95(7): 671 - 676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kondo, M. Hayashi, K. Takeshita, Y. Numaguchi, K. Kobayashi, S. Iino, Y. Inden, and T. Murohara Smoking Cessation Rapidly Increases Circulating Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Blood in Chronic Smokers Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2004; 24(8): 1442 - 1447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. K. Owens, M. S. Kumar, and B. R. Wamhoff Molecular Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation in Development and Disease Physiol Rev, July 1, 2004; 84(3): 767 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sata and R. Nagai Origin of Neointimal Cells in Autologous Vein Graft Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1147 - 1149. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Cooley Murine Model of Neointimal Formation and Stenosis in Vein Grafts Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1180 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Pyo, K. K. Jensen, M. T. Wiekowski, D. Manfra, A. Alcami, M. B. Taubman, and S. A. Lira Inhibition of Intimal Hyperplasia in Transgenic Mice Conditionally Expressing the Chemokine-Binding Protein M3 Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2004; 164(6): 2289 - 2297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhang, N. J. Freedman, L. Brian, and K. Peppel Graft-Extrinsic Cells Predominate in Vein Graft Arterialization Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2004; 24(3): 470 - 476. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|