Published online before print June 26, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000083490.43943.85
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Submitted on August 2, 2002
Revised on May 22, 2003
Accepted on June 9, 2003
Diverse Mechanisms of Myocardial p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Evidence for MKK-Independent Activation by a TAB1-Associated Mechanism Contributing to Injury During Myocardial Ischemia
Masaya Tanno ;
From the Department of Cardiology (M.T., R.B., A.T.S., D.A.G., R.J.H., J.L.M., M.S.M.), Division of Cardiovascular Science GKT, School of Medicine, KCL, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (R.J.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Mass; and Section of Immunobiology (R.A.F.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mike.marber{at}kcl.ac.uk.
The ischemic activation of p38
mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) is thought to contribute to myocardial injury. Under other circumstances, activation is through dual phosphorylation by MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3). Therefore, the mkk3-/- murine heart should be protected during ischemia. In retrogradely perfused mkk3-/- and mkk3-/- mouse hearts subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion, infarction/risk volume was similar (50±5 versus 51±4, P=0.93, respectively), as was intraischemic p38-MAPK phosphorylation (10 minutes ischemia as percent basal, 608±224 versus 384±104, P=0.43, respectively). This occurred despite undetectable activation of MKK3/6 in mkk3-/- hearts. However, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced p38-MAPK phosphorylation was markedly diminished in mkk3-/- vs mkk3+/+ hearts (percent basal, 127±23 versus 540±267, respectively, P=0.04), suggesting an MKK-independent activation mechanism by ischemia. Hence, we examined p38-MAPK activation by TAB1-associated autophosphorylation. In wild-type mice and mkk3-/- mice, the p38-MAPK catalytic site inhibitor SB203580 (1 µmol/L) diminished phosphorylation during ischemia versus control (10 minutes ischemia as percent basal, 143±2 versus 436±96, P=0.003, and 122±25 versus 623±176, P=0.05, respectively) and reduced infarction volume (infarction/risk volume, 57±5 versus 36±3, P<0.001, and 50±5 versus 29±3, P=0.003, respectively) but did not alter TNF-induced activation, although in homogenates of ischemic hearts but not TNF-exposed hearts, p38-MAPK was associated with TAB1. Furthermore, adenovirally expressed wild-type and drug-resistant p38-MAPK, lacking the SB203580 binding site, was phosphorylated when H9c2 myoblasts were subjected to simulated ischemia. However, SB203580 (1 µmol/L) did not prevent the phosphorylation of resistant p38-MAPK. These findings suggest the ischemic activation of p38-MAPK contributing to myocardial injury is by TAB1-associated autophosphorylation.
Key words: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase • myocardial infarction • TAB1 • ischemic preconditioning • mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3
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