doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000038996.97287.9A
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Editorials |
Diverse Origin of Intimal Cells
Smooth Muscle Cells, Myofibroblasts, Fibroblasts, and Beyond?
From the Jefferson Heart Institute (A.Z., Y.S.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa, and GlaxoSmithKline (A.Z., A.G.J.), King of Prussia, Pa.
Correspondence to Andrew Zalewski, MD, GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Rd, UW2900, PO Box 1539, King of Prussia, PA 19406. E-mail andrew.2.zalewski@gsk.com
Key Words: intima • smooth muscle cells • fibroblasts • remodeling • atherosclerosis
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
The formation of vascular lesions is invariably associated with the accumulation of mesenchymal cells and their products in the intima, which either compromise the vessel lumen or contribute to retention of atherogenic molecules (reviewed in References 1 and 2).1,2 As a result, pathological intimal hyperplasia is pivotal in the development of a wide range of clinical conditions, which are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, the origin of intimal cells has remained a controversial issue in vascular biology and clinical cardiology. In addition to the expansion of preexisting intimal cells, the initial hypothesis argued for phenotypic modulation of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype (dedifferentiation), resulting in their migration into the intima.3,4 Several recent investigations, however, have shed new light on the mechanisms of arterial remodeling, coronary restenosis after transcatheter interventions, and vein graft changes after arterialization, which are accompanied by marked alterations in cellular composition of the affected vessel. Understanding how the vasculature alters its composition holds the key to discerning vascular responses under physiological and pathological conditions (Figure 1). In a recent issue of Circulation Research, Hu and colleagues5 join this quest, focusing on the origin of intimal cells during vein graft remodeling. In contrast to numerous observations after arterial injury, there are relatively few studies of vein graft remodeling under dyslipidemic conditions, making the analysis of vein grafts in apoE-deficient mice clearly relevant. In different types of transgenic animals, the authors demonstrated that intima of venous
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  R. Foth, T. Quentin, I. Michel-Behnke, M. Vogt, T. Kriebel, A. Kreischer, W. Ruschewski, T. Paul, and M. Sigler Immunohistochemical Characterization of Neotissues and Tissue Reactions to Septal Defect-Occlusion Devices Circ Cardiovasc Interv, April 1, 2009; 2(2): 90 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Vaahtomeri, E. Ventela, K. Laajanen, P. Katajisto, P.-J. Wipff, B. Hinz, T. Vallenius, M. Tiainen, and T. P. Makela Lkb1 is required for TGF{beta}-mediated myofibroblast differentiation J. Cell Sci., November 1, 2008; 121(21): 3531 - 3540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D.J.W Evans, P.V Lawford, J Gunn, D Walker, D.R Hose, R.H Smallwood, B Chopard, M Krafczyk, J Bernsdorf, and A Hoekstra The application of multiscale modelling to the process of development and prevention of stenosis in a stented coronary artery Phil Trans R Soc A, September 28, 2008; 366(1879): 3343 - 3360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Iwata and M. Sata Origin of Cells That Contribute to Neointima Growth Circulation, June 17, 2008; 117(24): 3060 - 3061. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D Owens, K. J Ho, and M. S Conte Lower extremity vein graft failure: a translational approach Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2008; 13(1): 63 - 74. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. A. Auger, P. D'Orleans-Juste, and L. Germain Adventitia contribution to vascular contraction: Hints provided by tissue-engineered substitutes Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 669 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Hinz, S. H. Phan, V. J. Thannickal, A. Galli, M.-L. Bochaton-Piallat, and G. Gabbiani The Myofibroblast: One Function, Multiple Origins Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2007; 170(6): 1807 - 1816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.-A. Karabina, I. Brocheriou, G. Le Naour, M. Agrapart, H. Durand, M. Gelb, G. Lambeau, and E. Ninio Atherogenic properties of LDL particles modified by human group X secreted phospholipase A2 on human endothelial cell function FASEB J, December 1, 2006; 20(14): 2547 - 2549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-H. Parmentier, C. Zhang, A. Estes, S. Schaefer, and K. U. Malik Essential role of PKC-{zeta} in normal and angiotensin II-accelerated neointimal growth after vascular injury Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): H1602 - H1613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Sainz and M. Sata Maintenance of Vascular Homeostasis by Bone Marrow-Derived Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2006; 26(6): 1196 - 1197. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Schafer, M. R. Schroeter, C. Dellas, M. Puls, M. Nitsche, E. Weiss, G. Hasenfuss, and S. V. Konstantinides Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 From Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Suppresses Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury in Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2006; 26(6): 1254 - 1259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sata Role of Circulating Vascular Progenitors in Angiogenesis, Vascular Healing, and Pulmonary Hypertension: Lessons From Animal Models Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2006; 26(5): 1008 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Vascular-wall remodeling of 3 human bypass vessels: organ culture and smooth muscle cell properties. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2006; 131(3): 651 - 658.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. da Cunha, B. Martin-McNulty, J. Vincelette, L. Zhang, J. C. Rutledge, D. W. Wilson, R. Vergona, M. E. Sullivan, and Y.-X. Wang Interaction between mild hypercholesterolemia, HDL-cholesterol levels, and angiotensin II in intimal hyperplasia in mice J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2006; 47(3): 476 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Newby Matrix metalloproteinases regulate migration, proliferation, and death of vascular smooth muscle cells by degrading matrix and non-matrix substrates Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2006; 69(3): 614 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Dobreva, G. Waeber, R. W. James, and C. Widmann Interleukin-8 Secretion by Fibroblasts Induced by Low Density Lipoproteins Is p38 MAPK-dependent and Leads to Cell Spreading and Wound Closure J. Biol. Chem., January 6, 2006; 281(1): 199 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Chandiwal, V. Balasubramanian, Z. K. Baldwin, M. S. Conte, and L. B. Schwartz Gene Therapy for the Extension of Vein Graft Patency: A Review Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, January 1, 2005; 39(1): 1 - 14. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Newby Dual Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (Matrixins) in Intimal Thickening and Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture Physiol Rev, January 1, 2005; 85(1): 1 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sata and R. Nagai Origin of Neointimal Cells in Autologous Vein Graft Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1147 - 1149. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Cooley Murine Model of Neointimal Formation and Stenosis in Vein Grafts Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1180 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Tanaka, M. Sata, Y. Hirata, and R. Nagai Diverse Contribution of Bone Marrow Cells to Neointimal Hyperplasia After Mechanical Vascular Injuries Circ. Res., October 17, 2003; 93(8): 783 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hao, G. Gabbiani, and M.-L. Bochaton-Piallat Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Heterogeneity: Implications for Atherosclerosis and Restenosis Development Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2003; 23(9): 1510 - 1520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Zhang, A. Zalewski, Y. Liu, T. Mazurek, S. Cowan, J. L. Martin, S. M. Hofmann, H. Vlassara, and Y. Shi Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Porcine Coronary Arteries Circulation, July 29, 2003; 108(4): 472 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Agarwal and M. S. Segal Intimal Exuberance: Veins in Jeopardy Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2003; 162(6): 1759 - 1761. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|