© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Review |
Calcium Fluxes Involved in Control of Cardiac Myocyte Contraction
From the Department of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Ill.
Correspondence to Donald M. Bers, PhD, Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical School, 2160 S First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail dbers@luc.edu
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Introduction |
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This Review is part of a thematic series on Calcium Cycling in Cardiovascular Cells, which includes the following articles: Ca2+ Release Mechanisms, Ca2+ Sparks, and Local Control of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Normal Heart Muscle Interaction Between Ca2+ and H+ and Functional Consequences in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cardiac Intracellular Calcium Release Channels: Role in Heart Failure
Calcium Fluxes Involved in Control of Cardiac Myocyte Contraction
C. William Balke, Guest Editor
Intracellular Ca2+ is the central
regulator of cardiac contractility. Moreover, it is
becoming increasingly apparent that alterations in myocyte
Ca2+ regulation may be critically important in
both the mechanical dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis associated with
congestive heart failure.1 2 Thus, it is imperative to
have a clear and relatively quantitative understanding of how cellular
Ca2+ levels are regulated during the normal
contraction-relaxation cycle. The scope and relevant references in this
field are far too large for this format, so my focus here is narrower
and more personal than elsewhere.3 4 5 Figure 1A
shows the key pathways involved in
myocyte Ca2+ transport. During the cardiac action
potential (AP) L-type Ca2+ channels are
activated and Ca2+ enters the cell via
Ca2+ current (ICa)
and also a much smaller amount enters via
Na+-Ca2+ exchange (NCX).
Ca2+ influx triggers Ca2+
release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and, to some extent, can
also contribute to activation of the myofilaments directly. The
Ca2+ entry plus the amount released from the SR
via Ca2+-induced Ca2+
release (CICR) raises cytosolic free [Ca2+]
([Ca2+]i), causing
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A. Schwartz and N. N Petrashevskaya The importance of calcium in interpretation of NaK-ATPase isoform function in the mouse heart Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2001; 51(1): 9 - 12. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Shigekawa and T. Iwamoto Cardiac Na+-Ca2+ Exchange : Molecular and Pharmacological Aspects Circ. Res., May 11, 2001; 88(9): 864 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. B. Serikov, N. N. Petrashevskaya, A. M. Canning, and A. Schwartz Reduction of [Ca2+]i Restores Uncoupled {beta}-Adrenergic Signaling in Isolated Perfused Transgenic Mouse Hearts Circ. Res., January 19, 2001; 88(1): 9 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Eisner, H. S. Choi, M. E. Diaz, S. C. O'Neill, and A. W. Trafford Integrative Analysis of Calcium Cycling in Cardiac Muscle Circ. Res., December 8, 2000; 87(12): 1087 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z.-B. Yu, L.-F. Zhang, and J.-P. Jin A Proteolytic NH2-terminal Truncation of Cardiac Troponin I That Is Up-regulated in Simulated Microgravity J. Biol. Chem., May 4, 2001; 276(19): 15753 - 15760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Han, P. Tavi, and M. Weckstrom Modulation of action potential by [Ca2+]i in modeled rat atrial and guinea pig ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): H1047 - H1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L.-S. Song, A. Guia, J. N. Muth, M. Rubio, S.-Q. Wang, R.-P. Xiao, I. R. Josephson, E. G. Lakatta, A. Schwartz, and H. Cheng Ca2+ Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes Overexpressing the {alpha}1 Subunit of L-Type Ca2+ Channel Circ. Res., February 8, 2002; 90(2): 174 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Pogwizd, K. Schlotthauer, L. Li, W. Yuan, and D. M. Bers Arrhythmogenesis and Contractile Dysfunction in Heart Failure : Roles of Sodium-Calcium Exchange, Inward Rectifier Potassium Current, and Residual {beta}-Adrenergic Responsiveness Circ. Res., June 8, 2001; 88(11): 1159 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Ito, X. Yan, X. Feng, W. J. Manning, W. H. Dillmann, and B. H. Lorell Transgenic Expression of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase Modifies the Transition From Hypertrophy to Early Heart Failure Circ. Res., August 31, 2001; 89(5): 422 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. M. Wolska, G. M. Arteaga, J. R. Pena, G. Nowak, R. M. Phillips, S. Sahai, P. P. de Tombe, A. F. Martin, E. G. Kranias, and R. J. Solaro Expression of Slow Skeletal Troponin I in Hearts of Phospholamban Knockout Mice Alters the Relaxant Effect of {beta}-Adrenergic Stimulation Circ. Res., May 3, 2002; 90(8): 882 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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