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Circulation Research. 2009;104:e61
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.199232
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(Circulation Research. 2009;104:e61.)
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.


Letters to the Editor

Response to the Letter by Frantz and Bauersachs

Leo Timmers, Dominique P.V. de Kleijn

Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands, E-mail d.dekleijn@umcutrecht.nl


An extract of the first 100% of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.
 

We thank Frantz and Bauersachs for their letter. Although 9.4 Tesla MRI is currently the most accurate means to assess cardiac function in mice, we agree that the superiority of MRI alone may not explain the differences in functional outcome. In addition to different imaging techniques, different mouse backgrounds were used in our study (129Bl61) and in the studies referred to in the letter (c57Bl62 and FVB3,4). Because we used the mixed 129Bl6 background, together with the appropriate background controls, the functional outcome in our study was not influenced by any other factor than the genetic deletion of p50.

In general, the p50/p50 homodimer is considered as a repressor of nuclear factor (NF){kappa}B activity.5–7 Deletion of the repressor in the p50 knockout leads to increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} and interleukin-6 in the infarct area and to increased expression of interleukin-6 after lipopolysaccharide stimulation in vitro. In addition to our study,1 this has also been found in the studies referenced by Frantz and Bauersachs.2–4 This suggests that p50 acts as a repressor in all backgrounds mentioned above and that NF-{kappa}B activity is in fact increased in p50 knockout mice. Therefore, our functional results and inflammatory data are in line with previous studies demonstrating that the NF-{kappa}B-mediated inflammatory response following myocardial infarction is involved in cardiac remodeling.8–10

Sources of Funding

None.

Disclosures

None.

1. Timmers L, van Keulen JK, Hoefer IE, Meijs MF, van Middelaar B, den Ouden K, van Echteld CJ, Pasterkamp G, de Kleijn DP. Targeted deletion of nuclear factor kappaB p50 enhances cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 2009; 104: 699–706.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

2. Frantz S, Hu K, Bayer B, Gerondakis S, Strotmann J, Adamek A, Ertl G, Bauersachs J. Absence of NF-kappaB subunit p50 improves heart failure after myocardial infarction. FASEB J. 2006; 20: 1918–1920.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

3. Kawamura N, Kubota T, Kawano S, Monden Y, Feldman AM, Tsutsui H, Takeshita A, Sunagawa K. Blockade of NF-kappaB improves cardiac function and survival without affecting inflammation in TNF-alpha-induced cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res. 2005; 66: 520–529.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

4. Kawano S, Kubota T, Monden Y, Kawamura N, Tsutsui H, Takeshita A, Sunagawa K. Blockade of NF-kappaB ameliorates myocardial hypertrophy in response to chronic infusion of angiotensin II. Cardiovasc Res. 2005; 67: 689–698.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

5. Driessler F, Venstrom K, Sabat R, Asadullah K, Schottelius AJ. Molecular mechanisms of interleukin-10-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activity: a role for p50. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004; 135: 64–73.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

6. Kang SM, Tran AC, Grilli M, Lenardo MJ. NF-kappa B subunit regulation in nontransformed CD4+ T lymphocytes. Science. 1992; 256: 1452–1456.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

7. Plaksin D, Baeuerle PA, Eisenbach L. KBF1 (p50 NF-kappa B homodimer) acts as a repressor of H-2Kb gene expression in metastatic tumor cells. J Exp Med. 1993; 177: 1651–1662.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

8. Shishido T, Nozaki N, Yamaguchi S, Shibata Y, Nitobe J, Miyamoto T, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Maeda K, Yamakawa M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Takeishi Y, Kubota I. Toll-like receptor-2 modulates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003; 108: 2905–2910.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

9. Timmers L, Sluijter JP, van Keulen JK, Hoefer IE, Nederhoff MG, Goumans MJ, Doevendans PA, van Echteld CJ, Joles JA, Quax PH, Piek JJ, Pasterkamp G, de Kleijn DP. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling and impairs cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 2008; 102: 257–264.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

10. Onai Y, Suzuki J, Maejima Y, Haraguchi G, Muto S, Itai A, Isobe M. Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B improves left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007; 292: H530–H538.[Abstract/Free Full Text]