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(Circulation Research. 2005;97:690.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Cellular Biology

Loss of Pentameric Symmetry in C-Reactive Protein Induces Interleukin-8 Secretion Through Peroxynitrite Signaling in Human Neutrophils

Tarek Khreiss^*, Levente József^*, Lawrence A. Potempa, János G. Filep

From the Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital (T.K., L.J., J.G.F.), University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada, and Immtech International, Inc (L.A.P.), Vernon Hills, Ill.

Correspondence to Dr János G. Filep, Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, 5415 Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4. E-mail janos.g.filep{at}umontreal.ca

Plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), nitrotyrosine, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are known predictors of acute cardiovascular events. Peroxynitrite (ONOO^–) may function as an intracellular signal for the production of IL-8; however, it is not known whether CRP regulates these events. Emerging evidence suggests that some bioactivities of CRP are expressed only when the pentameric structure of CRP is lost, resulting in formation of monomeric or modified CRP (mCRP). We studied the impact of human native CRP and bioengineered mCRP that cannot rearrange into the pentameric structure on ONOO^– formation and ONOO^–-mediated IL-8 gene expression in human leukocytes. Incubation of human whole blood or isolated neutrophils with mCRP (0.1 to 100 µg/mL) for 4 hours increased IL-8 gene expression and secretion that was blocked 70% by the NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In neutrophils, mCRP simultaneously increased superoxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated NO formation, leading to enhanced ONOO^– formation, and consequently activation of nuclear factor-B and activator protein-1. Native CRP had no detectable effect at 4 hours, whereas it enhanced IL-8 release after a 24-hour incubation that was blocked by L-NAME. An anti-CD16 antibody, but not an anti-CD32 antibody, produced 60% to 70% reductions in mCRP-stimulated NO formation and IL-8 release (both P<0.05). These results suggest that loss of the pentameric symmetry in CRP, resulting in formation of mCRP, leads to IL-8 release from human neutrophils via peroxynitrite-mediated activation of nuclear factor-B and activator protein-1.

Key Words: C-reactive protein • leukocytes • interleukins • signal transduction • inflammation

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