Circulation Research. 2005;96:939-949
doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000163635.62927.34
doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000163635.62927.34
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© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reviews |
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease
From the Departments of Cell Biology (A.H.B., P.E.S.), Medicine (P.E.S.), Division of Endocrinology, and Diabetes Research and Training Center (P.E.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. A.H. Berg’s present address: Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115.
Correspondence to Philipp E. Scherer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461. E-mail scherer{at}aecom.yu.edu
This Review is part of a thematic series on Adipocyte Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, which includes the following articles:
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Adipocyte Signaling and Lipid Homeostasis
Adipocyte Signaling and the Vasculature
PPAR
Activation and Effects on the Vasculature
Philipp E. Scherer Guest Editor
Mounting evidence highlights the role of adipose tissue in the development of a systemic inflammatory state that contributes to obesity-associated vasculopathy and cardiovascular risk. Circulating mediators of inflammation participate in the mechanisms of vascular insult and atheromatous change, and many of these inflammatory proteins are secreted directly from adipocytes and adipose tissue–derived macrophages. Several factors linking obesity with an increased cardiovascular risk have been identified. The adipocyte-specific secretory protein adiponectin is a particularly promising candidate in this context. Its levels are decreased in obesity. Adiponectin may mediate some of its demonstrated cardioprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to decreased expression of beneficial adipokines, secretion of a host of inflammatory factors from visceral adipose tissue may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. The cardioprotective effects of many of the most popular drug regimens corroborate these conclusions, demonstrating that along with improvements in other therapeutic end points, they mediate improvements in systemic inflammation. In some cases, these improvements are attributable to direct suppression of inflammatory signaling in adipocytes. The targeted suppression of various proinflammatory cascades in adipocytes specifically represents an exciting new therapeutic opportunity for the cardiovascular disease area.
Key Words: adipocyte • secretion • inflammation
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A. Xu, A. W.K. Tso, B. M.Y. Cheung, Y. Wang, N. M.S. Wat, C. H.Y. Fong, D. C.Y. Yeung, E. D. Janus, P. C. Sham, and K. S.L. Lam Circulating Adipocyte-Fatty Acid Binding Protein Levels Predict the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome: A 5-Year Prospective Study Circulation, March 27, 2007; 115(12): 1537 - 1543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Kos, A. L. Harte, N. F. da Silva, A. Tonchev, G. Chaldakov, S. James, D. R. Snead, B. Hoggart, J. P. O'Hare, P. G. McTernan, et al. Adiponectin and Resistin in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Expression of Adiponectin Receptors in the Human Hypothalamus J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 1129 - 1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Han, M. J. Quon, J.-a Kim, and K. K. Koh Adiponectin and Cardiovascular Disease: Response to Therapeutic Interventions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 6, 2007; 49(5): 531 - 538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Pischon and E. B. Rimm Adiponectin and risk of acute coronary syndromes: defining the obesity phenotype Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2007; 28(3): 274 - 275. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Brown and J. Plutzky Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors as Transcriptional Nodal Points and Therapeutic Targets Circulation, January 30, 2007; 115(4): 518 - 533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Suganami, K. Tanimoto-Koyama, J. Nishida, M. Itoh, X. Yuan, S. Mizuarai, H. Kotani, S. Yamaoka, K. Miyake, S. Aoe, et al. Role of the Toll-like Receptor 4/NF-{kappa}B Pathway in Saturated Fatty Acid-Induced Inflammatory Changes in the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Macrophages Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2007; 27(1): 84 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. N. Lumeng, S. M. Deyoung, and A. R. Saltiel Macrophages block insulin action in adipocytes by altering expression of signaling and glucose transport proteins Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E166 - E174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Cardellini, M. A. Marini, S. Frontoni, M. L. Hribal, F. Andreozzi, F. Perticone, M. Federici, D. Lauro, and G. Sesti Carotid artery intima-media thickness is associated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic normotensive offspring of type 2 diabetic patients Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E347 - E352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Qiao and J. Shao SIRT1 Regulates Adiponectin Gene Expression through Foxo1-C/Enhancer-binding Protein {alpha} Transcriptional Complex J. Biol. Chem., December 29, 2006; 281(52): 39915 - 39924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Trujillo and P. E. Scherer Adipose Tissue-Derived Factors: Impact on Health and Disease Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2006; 27(7): 762 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. T. de Jongh, R. G. Ijzerman, E. H. Serne, J. J. Voordouw, J. S. Yudkin, H. A. D.-v. de Waal, C. D. A. Stehouwer, and M. M. van Weissenbruch Visceral and Truncal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Are Associated with Impaired Capillary Recruitment in Healthy Individuals J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 5100 - 5106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. H. Huang, C. A. Reardon, and T. Mazzone Endogenous ApoE Expression Modulates Adipocyte Triglyceride Content and Turnover Diabetes, December 1, 2006; 55(12): 3394 - 3402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. C. Winer, T. L. Zern, S. E. Taksali, J. Dziura, A. M. G. Cali, M. Wollschlager, A. A. Seyal, R. Weiss, T. S. Burgert, and S. Caprio Adiponectin in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Its Association with Inflammatory Markers and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4415 - 4423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Bodles, A. Banga, N. Rasouli, F. Ono, P. A. Kern, and R. J. Owens Pioglitazone increases secretion of high-molecular-weight adiponectin from adipocytes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2006; 291(5): E1100 - E1105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Soccio, Y.-Y. Zhang, S. Bacci, W. Mlynarski, G. Placha, G. Raggio, R. Di Paola, A. Marucci, M. T. Johnstone, E. V. Gervino, et al. Common Haplotypes at the Adiponectin Receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) Locus Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, October 1, 2006; 55(10): 2763 - 2770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Grundy Does the Metabolic Syndrome Exist? Diabetes Care, July 1, 2006; 29(7): 1689 - 1692. [Full Text] [PDF]
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H.-U. Wittchen, B. Balkau, C. Massien, A. Richard, S. Haffner, J.-P. Despres, and on behalf of the IDEA Steering Committee International Day for the Evaluation of Abdominal obesity: rationale and design of a primary care study on the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors in 63 countries Eur. Heart J. Suppl., May 1, 2006; 8(suppl_B): B26 - B33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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