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Circulation Research. 2005;96:784-791
Published online before print March 10, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000162100.52009.38
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(Circulation Research. 2005;96:784.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.


Integrative Physiology

SDF-1{alpha}/CXCR4 Axis Is Instrumental in Neointimal Hyperplasia and Recruitment of Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells

Alma Zernecke, Andreas Schober, Ilze Bot, Philipp von Hundelshausen, Elisa A. Liehn, Barbara Möpps, Mathias Mericskay, Peter Gierschik, Erik A. Biessen, Christian Weber

From the Departments of Molecular Cardiovascular Research and Cardiology (A.Z., A.S., P.v.H., E.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany; Division of Biopharmaceutics (I.B., E.A.B.), Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.M., P.G.), University of Ulm, Germany; and Physiology and Physiopathology Unit (M.M.), Pierre and Marie Curie University (PARIS 6), France.

Correspondence to Christian Weber, MD, Kardiovaskuläre Molekularbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. E-mail cweber{at}ukaachen.de

Recent evidence infers a contribution of smooth muscle cell (SMC) progenitors and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1{alpha} to neointima formation after arterial injury. Inhibition of plaque area and SMC content in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice repopulated with LacZ+ or CXCR4–/– BM or lentiviral transfer of an antagonist reveals a crucial involvement of local SDF-1{alpha} and its receptor CXCR4 in neointimal hyperplasia via recruitment of BM-derived SMC progenitors. After arterial injury, SDF-1{alpha} expression in medial SMCs is preceded by apoptosis and inhibited by blocking caspase-dependent apoptosis. SDF-1{alpha} binds to platelets at the site of injury, triggers CXCR4- and P-selectin-dependent arrest of progenitor cells on injured arteries or matrix-adherent platelets, preferentially mobilizes and recruits c-kit/platelet–derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-ß+/lineage/sca-1+ progenitors for neointimal SMCs without being required for their differentiation. Hence, the SDF-1{alpha}/CXCR4 axis is pivotal for vascular remodeling by recruiting a subset of SMC progenitors in response to apoptosis and in concert with platelets, epitomizing its importance for tissue repair and identifying a prime target to limit lesion development.


Key Words: chemokines • atherosclerosis • smooth muscle cells • progenitor cells • restenosis




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