doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000143421.27684.12
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reviews |
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Artery Wall
From the Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles.
Correspondence to Linda L. Demer, MD, PhD, 47-123 CHS, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679. E-mail LDemer{at}mednet.ucla.edu
This Review is part of a thematic series on Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification, which includes the following articles:
Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Artery Wall
Angiogenesis and Pericytes in Initiation of Ectopic Calcification
Osteopontin Promoter Regulation and Phosphate Transport Molecules in Vascular Calcification
Regulation of Vascular Calcification by Osteoclast Regulatory Factors RANKL and Osteoprotegerin
Role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Vascular Calcification
Linda Demer Guest Editor
The presence of ectopic tissue in the diseased artery wall is evidence for the presence of multipotential stem cells in the vasculature. Mesenchymal stem cells were first identified in the marrow stroma, and they differentiate along multiple lineages giving rise to cartilage, bone, fat, muscle, and vascular tissue in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation studies show that marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells appear to enter the circulation and engraft other tissues, including the artery wall, at sites of injury. Recent evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells are also present in normal artery wall and microvessels and that they also may enter the circulation, contributing to the population of circulating progenitor cells and engrafting other tissues. Thus, the artery wall is not only a destination but also a source of progenitor cells that have regenerative potential. Although potential artifacts, such as fusion, need to be taken into consideration, these new developments in vascular biology open important therapeutic avenues. A greater understanding of how mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow or artery wall bring about vascular regeneration and repair may lead to novel cell-based treatments for cardiovascular disease.
Key Words: vascular • mesenchymal stem cell • calcification • bone • atherosclerosis
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