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(Circulation Research. 2003;92:1359.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.

Clinical Research

Immunomediated and Ischemia-Independent Inflammation of Coronary Microvessels in Unstable Angina

Gian Gastone Neri Serneri, Maria Boddi, Pietro Amedeo Modesti, Ilaria Cecioni, Mirella Coppo, Maria Letizia Papa, Thomas Toscano, Antonio Marullo, Mario Chiavarelli

From the Clinica Medica Generale e Cardiologia (G.G.N.S., M.B., P.A.M., I.C., M. Coppo, M.L.P.), University of Florence, Italy; and the Institute of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (T.T., A.M., M. Chiavarelli), University of Siena, Italy.

Correspondence to Prof Gian Gastone Neri Serneri, MD, Clinica Medica Generale e Cardiologia, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy. E-mail gg.neriserneri{at}dfc.unifi.it

This study investigated whether the myocardium is involved in the acute inflammatory reaction associated with bursts of unstable angina (UA). We looked for the presence of activated DR⁺ inflammatory cells and the expression patterns, localization, and immunostaining identification of genes for cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF-, IL-6, and IFN-), MCP-1, and iNOS in the left ventricle biopsies from 2-vessel disease anginal patients, 24 with UA and 12 with stable angina (SA), who underwent coronary bypass surgery. Biopsy specimens from 6 patients with mitral stenosis who underwent valve replacement were examined as control hearts (CHs). Plasma levels of IL-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R) were measured as a marker of systemic immune reaction. In CHs, DR⁺ cells were undetectable, and cytokine and iNOS mRNA expression were negligible. UA patients had higher sIL-2R levels than SA patients (P<0.01), and their biopsy specimens showed both numerous DR⁺ cells identified as lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and elevated expression levels of cytokine and iNOS genes (from 2.4- to 6.1-fold vs SA; P<0.01). Cytokine and iNOS genes and proteins were localized in endothelial cells without involvement of myocytes. IL-1ß and MCP-1 mRNAs were nearly undetectable. No significant differences were found in the number of DR⁺ cells, levels of cytokine, and iNOS genes between potentially ischemic and nonischemic left ventricle areas. In SA specimens, DR⁺ cells were very rare and only mRNAs for TNF- and iNOS genes were overexpressed versus CHs. These results indicated that an acute immunomediated inflammatory reaction, essentially involving coronary microvessels, is demonstrable in UA patients.

Key Words: unstable angina • coronary microvessels • myocardial inflammation

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