Published online before print February 28, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000014080.82861.5F
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© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Integrative Physiology |
Phosphorylation of Troponin I Controls Cardiac Twitch Dynamics
Evidence From Phosphorylation Site Mutants Expressed on a Troponin I-Null Background in Mice
From the Department of Physiology (Y.P., K.R.K., D.Z., J.W.W.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis; and the Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics (E.G.K.), University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Correspondence to Dr Jeffery W. Walker, Dept of Physiology, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706. E-mail jwalker@ physiology.wisc.edu
The cardiac myofilament protein troponin I (cTnI) is phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine/threonine kinases activated within heart muscle by a variety of agonists. cTnI is also a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activated during ß-adrenergic signaling. To investigate the role of cTnI phosphorylation in contractile regulation by these pathways, we generated transgenic mice harboring a mutated cTnI protein lacking phosphorylation sites for PKC (serine43/45 and threonine144 mutated to alanine) and for PKA (serine23/24 mutated to alanine). Transgenic mice were interbred with cTnI-knockout mice to ensure the absence of endogenous phosphorylatable cTnI. Here, we report that regulation of myocyte twitch kinetics by ß-stimulation and by endothelin-1 was altered in myocytes containing mutant cTnI. In wild-type myocytes, the ß-agonist isoproterenol decreased twitch duration and relaxation time constant (
) by 37% to 44%. These lusitropic effects of isoproterenol were reduced by about half in nonphosphorylatable cTnI mutant myocytes and were absent in cTnI mutants also lacking phospholamban (generated by crossing cTnI mutants with phospholamban-knockout mice). These observations are consistent with important roles for both cTnI and phospholamban phosphorylation in accelerating relaxation after ß-adrenergic stimulation. In contrast, endothelin-1 increased twitch duration by 32% and increased by 58%. These endothelin-1 effects were substantially blunted in nonphosphorylatable cTnI myocytes, indicating that PKC phosphorylation of cTnI slows cardiac relaxation and increases twitch duration. We propose that ß-agonists and endothelin-1 regulate cardiac twitch dynamics in opposite directions in part through phosphorylation of the myofilament protein cTnI on distinct sites.
Key Words: transgenic mice • protein kinase C • protein kinase A • phospholamban
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