Integrative Physiology |
From the Division of Cardiology (H.T., R.B., R.G.B., E.K., X.-L.T., Z.Y., J.A.A.), University of Louisville and Jewish Heart and Lung Institute, Louisville, Ky; Department of Microbiology (S.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY.
Correspondence to John A. Auchampach, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226. E-mail jauchamp{at}mcw.edu
AbstractWe
investigated whether activation of A1 or
A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) induces late
preconditioning (PC) against infarction in conscious rabbits using the
selective AR agonists
2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine
(CCPA) and
N6-3-iodobenzyladenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide
(IB-MECA). In vitro radioligand binding and cAMP assays demonstrated
CCPA to be
200- to 400-fold selective for the rabbit
A1AR and IB-MECA to be
20-fold selective for
the rabbit A3AR. We observed that (1)
pretreatment of rabbits 24 hours earlier with CCPA (100 µg/kg IV
bolus) or IB-MECA (100 or 300 µg/kg) resulted in an
35% to 40%
reduction in the size of the infarct induced by 30 minutes of coronary
artery occlusion and 72 hours of reperfusion compared with
vehicle-treated rabbits, whereas pretreatment with the selective
A2AAR agonist CGS 21680 (100 µg/kg) had no
effect; (2) the delayed cardioprotective effect of CCPA, but not that
of IB-MECA, was completely blocked by coadministration of the highly
selective A1AR antagonist N-0861; (3) inhibition
of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with
N
-nitro-L-arginine
during the 30-minute occlusion abrogated the infarct-sparing action of
CCPA but not that of IB-MECA; and (4) inhibition of ATP-sensitive
potassium (KATP) channels with sodium
5-hydroxydecanoate during the 30-minute occlusion blocked the
cardioprotective effects of both CCPA and IB-MECA. Taken together,
these results indicate that activation of either
A1ARs or A3ARs (but not
A2AARs) elicits delayed protection against
infarction in conscious rabbits and that both
A1AR- and A3AR-induced
cardioprotection involves opening of KATP
channels. However, A1AR-induced late PC uses an
NOS-dependent pathway whereas A3AR-induced late
PC is mediated by an NOS-independent
pathway.
Key Words: adenosine receptors ischemia/reperfusion injury myocardial infarction ATP-dependent potassium channels nitric oxide synthase
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