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Circulation Research. 2001;88:520-528

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(Circulation Research. 2001;88:520.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.


Integrative Physiology

A1 or A3 Adenosine Receptors Induce Late Preconditioning Against Infarction in Conscious Rabbits by Different Mechanisms

Hitoshi Takano, Roberto Bolli, Richard G. Black, Jr, Eitaro Kodani, Xian-Liang Tang, Zequan Yang, Samita Bhattacharya, John A. Auchampach

From the Division of Cardiology (H.T., R.B., R.G.B., E.K., X.-L.T., Z.Y., J.A.A.), University of Louisville and Jewish Heart and Lung Institute, Louisville, Ky; Department of Microbiology (S.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY.

Correspondence to John A. Auchampach, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226. E-mail jauchamp{at}mcw.edu

Abstract—We investigated whether activation of A1 or A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) induces late preconditioning (PC) against infarction in conscious rabbits using the selective AR agonists 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) and N6-3-iodobenzyladenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide (IB-MECA). In vitro radioligand binding and cAMP assays demonstrated CCPA to be {approx}200- to 400-fold selective for the rabbit A1AR and IB-MECA to be {approx}20-fold selective for the rabbit A3AR. We observed that (1) pretreatment of rabbits 24 hours earlier with CCPA (100 µg/kg IV bolus) or IB-MECA (100 or 300 µg/kg) resulted in an {approx}35% to 40% reduction in the size of the infarct induced by 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 72 hours of reperfusion compared with vehicle-treated rabbits, whereas pretreatment with the selective A2AAR agonist CGS 21680 (100 µg/kg) had no effect; (2) the delayed cardioprotective effect of CCPA, but not that of IB-MECA, was completely blocked by coadministration of the highly selective A1AR antagonist N-0861; (3) inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with N{omega}-nitro-L-arginine during the 30-minute occlusion abrogated the infarct-sparing action of CCPA but not that of IB-MECA; and (4) inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels with sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate during the 30-minute occlusion blocked the cardioprotective effects of both CCPA and IB-MECA. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of either A1ARs or A3ARs (but not A2AARs) elicits delayed protection against infarction in conscious rabbits and that both A1AR- and A3AR-induced cardioprotection involves opening of KATP channels. However, A1AR-induced late PC uses an NOS-dependent pathway whereas A3AR-induced late PC is mediated by an NOS-independent pathway.


Key Words: adenosine receptors • ischemia/reperfusion injury • myocardial infarction • ATP-dependent potassium channels • nitric oxide synthase




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