© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Integrative Physiology |
Dephosphorylation and Intracellular Redistribution of Ventricular Connexin43 During Electrical Uncoupling Induced by Ischemia
From the Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology, and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo, and the Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. Dr Beyer’s current address is Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Ill.
Correspondence to Jeffrey E. Saffitz, MD, PhD, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Box 8118, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110. E-mail saffitz{at}pathology.wustl.edu
Abstract—Electrical uncoupling at gap junctions during acute myocardial ischemia contributes to conduction abnormalities and reentrant arrhythmias. Increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ and H+ and accumulation of amphipathic lipid metabolites during ischemia promote uncoupling, but other mechanisms may play a role. We tested the hypothesis that uncoupling induced by acute ischemia is associated with changes in phosphorylation of the major cardiac gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43). Adult rat hearts perfused on a Langendorff apparatus were subjected to ischemia or ischemia/reperfusion. Changes in coupling were monitored by measuring whole-tissue resistance. Changes in the amount and distribution of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated isoforms of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy using isoform-specific antibodies. In control hearts, virtually all Cx43 identified immunohistochemically at apparent intercellular junctions was phosphorylated. During ischemia, however, Cx43 underwent progressive dephosphorylation with a time course similar to that of electrical uncoupling. The total amount of Cx43 did not change, but progressive reduction in total Cx43 immunofluorescent signal and concomitant accumulation of nonphosphorylated Cx43 signal occurred at sites of intercellular junctions. Functional recovery during reperfusion was associated with increased levels of phosphorylated Cx43. These observations suggest that uncoupling induced by ischemia is associated with dephosphorylation of Cx43, accumulation of nonphosphorylated Cx43 within gap junctions, and translocation of Cx43 from gap junctions into intracellular pools.
Key Words: connexin43 • gap junctions • ischemia • uncoupling • phosphorylation • arrhythmias
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. Maass, S. E. Chase, X. Lin, and M. Delmar Cx43 CT domain influences infarct size and susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2009; 84(3): 361 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-M. Chaldoupi, P. Loh, R. N.W. Hauer, J. M.T. de Bakker, and H. V.M. van Rijen The role of connexin40 in atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2009; 84(1): 15 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. Hennan, R. E. Swillo, G. A. Morgan, E. I. Rossman, J. Kantrowitz, J. Butera, J. S. Petersen, S. J. Gardell, and G. P. Vlasuk GAP-134 ([2S,4R]-1-[2-Aminoacetyl]4-Benzamidopyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid) Prevents Spontaneous Ventricular Arrhythmias and Reduces Infarct Size During Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Open-Chest Dogs Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, September 1, 2009; 14(3): 207 - 214. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Srisakuldee, M. M. Jeyaraman, B. E. Nickel, S. Tanguy, Z.-S. Jiang, and E. Kardami Phosphorylation of connexin-43 at serine 262 promotes a cardiac injury-resistant state Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2009; 83(4): 672 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Kieken, N. Mutsaers, E. Dolmatova, K. Virgil, A. L. Wit, A. Kellezi, B. J. Hirst-Jensen, H. S. Duffy, and P. L. Sorgen Structural and Molecular Mechanisms of Gap Junction Remodeling in Epicardial Border Zone Myocytes following Myocardial Infarction Circ. Res., May 8, 2009; 104(9): 1103 - 1112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. de Diego, R. K. Pai, F. Chen, L.-H. Xie, J. De Leeuw, J. N. Weiss, and M. Valderrabano Electrophysiological Consequences of Acute Regional Ischemia/Reperfusion in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocyte Monolayers Circulation, December 2, 2008; 118(23): 2330 - 2337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. N. Churchill, M.-H. Disatnik, G. R. Budas, and D. Mochly-Rosen Ethanol for cardiac ischemia: the role of protein kinase c Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, December 1, 2008; 2(6): 469 - 483. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Totzeck, K. Boengler, A. van de Sand, I. Konietzka, P. Gres, D. Garcia-Dorado, G. Heusch, and R. Schulz No impact of protein phosphatases on connexin 43 phosphorylation in ischemic preconditioning Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2008; 295(5): H2106 - H2112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Severs, A. F. Bruce, E. Dupont, and S. Rothery Remodelling of gap junctions and connexin expression in diseased myocardium Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2008; 80(1): 9 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. del Rio, T. A. Dawson, B. D. Clymer, D. J. Paterson, and G. E. Billman Effects of acute vagal nerve stimulation on the early passive electrical changes induced by myocardial ischaemia in dogs: heart rate-mediated attenuation Exp Physiol, August 1, 2008; 93(8): 931 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Kurebayashi, H. Nishizawa, Y. Nakazato, H. Kurihara, S. Matsushita, H. Daida, and Y. Ogawa Aberrant cell-to-cell coupling in Ca2+-overloaded guinea pig ventricular muscles Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): C1419 - C1429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sato, T. Ohkusa, H. Honjo, S. Suzuki, M.-a. Yoshida, Y. S. Ishiguro, H. Nakagawa, M. Yamazaki, M. Yano, I. Kodama, et al. Altered expression of connexin43 contributes to the arrhythmogenic substrate during the development of heart failure in cardiomyopathic hamster Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): H1164 - H1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Li, V. Su, W. E. Kurata, C. Jin, and A. F. Lau A Novel Connexin43-interacting Protein, CIP75, Which Belongs to the UbL-UBA Protein Family, Regulates the Turnover of Connexin43 J. Biol. Chem., February 29, 2008; 283(9): 5748 - 5759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Kjolbye, M. Dikshteyn, B. C. Eloff, I. Deschenes, and D. S. Rosenbaum Maintenance of intercellular coupling by the antiarrhythmic peptide rotigaptide suppresses arrhythmogenic discordant alternans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): H41 - H49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Solan, L. Marquez-Rosado, P. L. Sorgen, P. J. Thornton, P. R. Gafken, and P. D. Lampe Phosphorylation at S365 is a gatekeeper event that changes the structure of Cx43 and prevents down-regulation by PKC J. Cell Biol., December 17, 2007; 179(6): 1301 - 1309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Akar, R. D. Nass, S. Hahn, E. Cingolani, M. Shah, G. G. Hesketh, D. DiSilvestre, R. S. Tunin, D. A. Kass, and G. F. Tomaselli Dynamic changes in conduction velocity and gap junction properties during development of pacing-induced heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): H1223 - H1230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. S. Kasi, H. D. Xiao, L. L. Shang, S. Iravanian, J. Langberg, E. A. Witham, Z. Jiao, C. J. Gallego, K. E. Bernstein, and S. C. Dudley Jr. Cardiac-restricted angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression causes conduction defects and connexin dysregulation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H182 - H192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Papp, M. Gonczi, M. Kovacs, G. Seprenyi, and A. Vegh Gap junctional uncoupling plays a trigger role in the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2007; 74(3): 396 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Swietach, A. Rossini, K. W. Spitzer, and R. D. Vaughan-Jones H+ Ion Activation and Inactivation of the Ventricular Gap Junction: A Basis for Spatial Regulation of Intracellular pH Circ. Res., April 13, 2007; 100(7): 1045 - 1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Yu, C. A. Bippes, G. M. Hand, D. J. Muller, and G. E. Sosinsky Aminosulfonate Modulated pH-induced Conformational Changes in Connexin26 Hemichannels J. Biol. Chem., March 23, 2007; 282(12): 8895 - 8904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-q. Zhong, G. Laurent, P. P.-S. So, Xudong Hu, J. K. Hennan, and P. Dorian Effects of Rotigaptide, a Gap Junction Modifier, on Defibrillation Energy and Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest in Rabbits Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, March 1, 2007; 12(1): 69 - 77. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K Boengler, R Schulz, and G Heusch Connexin 43 signalling and cardioprotection Heart, December 1, 2006; 92(12): 1724 - 1727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Veenstra Gap junction heterogeneity in reentrant ventricular tachycardia Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2006; 72(2): 196 - 197. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. E. Tansey, K. F. Kwaku, P. E. Hammer, D. B. Cowan, M. Federman, S. Levitsky, and J. D. McCully Reduction and redistribution of gap and adherens junction proteins after ischemia and reperfusion. Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2006; 82(4): 1472 - 1479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J.P. Musters Atrial gap junction remodeling: Looking for lost gaps and orphaned connexins in three dimensions Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2006; 72(1): 5 - 6. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Rucker-Martin, P. Milliez, S. Tan, X. Decrouy, M. Recouvreur, R. Vranckx, C. Delcayre, J.-F. Renaud, I. Dunia, D. Segretain, et al. Chronic hemodynamic overload of the atria is an important factor for gap junction remodeling in human and rat hearts Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2006; 72(1): 69 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. D. Lampe, C. D. Cooper, T. J. King, and J. M. Burt Analysis of Connexin43 phosphorylated at S325, S328 and S330 in normoxic and ischemic heart J. Cell Sci., August 15, 2006; 119(16): 3435 - 3442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Vetterlein, C. Muhlfeld, C. Cetegen, R. Volkmann, C. Schrader, and G. Hellige Redistribution of connexin43 in regional acute ischemic myocardium: influence of ischemic preconditioning Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): H813 - H819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Ripplinger, V. I. Krinsky, V. P. Nikolski, and I. R. Efimov Mechanisms of unpinning and termination of ventricular tachycardia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): H184 - H192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Ek-Vitorin, T. J. King, N. S. Heyman, P. D. Lampe, and J. M. Burt Selectivity of Connexin 43 Channels Is Regulated Through Protein Kinase C-Dependent Phosphorylation Circ. Res., June 23, 2006; 98(12): 1498 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Mahmoodzadeh, S. Eder, J. Nordmeyer, E. Ehler, O. Huber, P. Martus, J. Weiske, R. Pregla, R. Hetzer, and V. Regitz-Zagrosek Estrogen receptor alpha up-regulation and redistribution in human heart failure FASEB J, May 1, 2006; 20(7): 926 - 934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kyoi, H. Otani, A. Hamano, S. Matsuhisa, Y. Akita, H. Fujiwara, R. Hattori, H. Imamura, H. Kamihata, and T. Iwasaka Dystrophin is a possible end-target of ischemic preconditioning against cardiomyocyte oncosis during the early phase of reperfusion Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2006; 70(2): 354 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Matsushita, H. Kurihara, M. Watanabe, T. Okada, T. Sakai, and A. Amano Alterations of Phosphorylation State of Connexin 43 during Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Are Associated with Cardiac Function J. Histochem. Cytochem., March 1, 2006; 54(3): 343 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Li, V. V. Patel, and G. L. Radice Dysregulation of cell adhesion proteins and cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Clin. Med. Res., March 1, 2006; 4(1): 42 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. R. Heinzel, Y. Luo, X. Li, K. Boengler, A. Buechert, D. Garcia-Dorado, F. Di Lisa, R. Schulz, and G. Heusch Impairment of Diazoxide-Induced Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Loss of Cardioprotection in Connexin 43 Deficient Mice Circ. Res., September 16, 2005; 97(6): 583 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Li, V. V. Patel, I. Kostetskii, Y. Xiong, A. F. Chu, J. T. Jacobson, C. Yu, G. E. Morley, J. D. Molkentin, and G. L. Radice Cardiac-Specific Loss of N-Cadherin Leads to Alteration in Connexins With Conduction Slowing and Arrhythmogenesis Circ. Res., September 2, 2005; 97(5): 474 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Boengler, G. Dodoni, A. Rodriguez-Sinovas, A. Cabestrero, M. Ruiz-Meana, P. Gres, I. Konietzka, C. Lopez-Iglesias, D. Garcia-Dorado, F. Di Lisa, et al. Connexin 43 in cardiomyocyte mitochondria and its increase by ischemic preconditioning Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2005; 67(2): 234 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Ando, R. G. Katare, Y. Kakinuma, D. Zhang, F. Yamasaki, K. Muramoto, and T. Sato Efferent Vagal Nerve Stimulation Protects Heart Against Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias by Preserving Connexin43 Protein Circulation, July 12, 2005; 112(2): 164 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Sanbe, J. James, V. Tuzcu, S. Nas, L. Martin, J. Gulick, H. Osinska, S. Sakthivel, R. Klevitsky, K. S. Ginsburg, et al. Transgenic Rabbit Model for Human Troponin I-Based Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Circulation, May 10, 2005; 111(18): 2330 - 2338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. V.M. van Rijen, J. M.T. de Bakker, and T. A.B. van Veen Hypoxia, electrical uncoupling, and conduction slowing: Role of conduction reserve Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2005; 66(1): 9 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Zeevi-Levin, Y. D. Barac, Y. Reisner, I. Reiter, G. Yaniv, G. Meiry, Z. Abassi, S. Kostin, J. Schaper, M. R. Rosen, et al. Gap junctional remodeling by hypoxia in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2005; 66(1): 64 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Spragg and D. A. Kass Controlling the Gap: Myocytes, Matrix, and Mechanics Circ. Res., March 18, 2005; 96(5): 485 - 487. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Iacobas, S. Iacobas, W. E. I. Li, G. Zoidl, R. Dermietzel, and D. C. Spray Genes controlling multiple functional pathways are transcriptionally regulated in connexin43 null mouse heart Physiol Genomics, February 10, 2005; 20(3): 211 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Ai and S. M. Pogwizd Connexin 43 Downregulation and Dephosphorylation in Nonischemic Heart Failure Is Associated With Enhanced Colocalized Protein Phosphatase Type 2A Circ. Res., January 7, 2005; 96(1): 54 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-H. Chen, C. J. Baty, T. Maeda, S. Brooks, L. C. Baker, T. Ueyama, E. Gursoy, S. Saba, G. Salama, B. London, et al. Transcription Enhancer Factor-1-Related Factor-Transgenic Mice Develop Cardiac Conduction Defects Associated With Altered Connexin Phosphorylation Circulation, November 9, 2004; 110(19): 2980 - 2987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Akar, D. D. Spragg, R. S. Tunin, D. A. Kass, and G. F. Tomaselli Mechanisms Underlying Conduction Slowing and Arrhythmogenesis in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Circ. Res., October 1, 2004; 95(7): 717 - 725. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Turner, G. A. Haywood, P. Andreka, L. You, P. E. Martin, W. H. Evans, K. A. Webster, and N. H. Bishopric Reversible Connexin 43 Dephosphorylation During Hypoxia and Reoxygenation Is Linked to Cellular ATP Levels Circ. Res., October 1, 2004; 95(7): 726 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Poelzing and D. S. Rosenbaum Altered connexin43 expression produces arrhythmia substrate in heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2004; 287(4): H1762 - H1770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. E. Zemljic-Harpf, S. Ponrartana, R. T. Avalos, M. C. Jordan, K. P. Roos, N. D. Dalton, V. Q. Phan, E. D. Adamson, and R. S. Ross Heterozygous Inactivation of the Vinculin Gene Predisposes to Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2004; 165(3): 1033 - 1044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Inoue, T. Ohkusa, T. Nao, J.-K. Lee, T. Matsumoto, Y. Hisamatsu, T. Satoh, M. Yano, K. Yasui, I. Kodama, et al. Rapid electrical stimulation of contraction modulates gap junction protein in neonatal rat cultured cardiomyocytes: Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases and effects of angiotensin ii-receptor antagonist J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 18, 2004; 44(4): 914 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Rodriguez-Sinovas, D. Garcia-Dorado, M. Ruiz-Meana, and J. Soler-Soler Enhanced effect of gap junction uncouplers on macroscopic electrical properties of reperfused myocardium J. Physiol., August 15, 2004; 559(1): 245 - 257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-M. Lee, M.-S. Lin, T.-F. Chou, C.-H. Tsai, and N.-C. Chang Adjunctive 17{beta}-estradiol administration reduces infarct size by altered expression of canine myocardial connexin43 protein Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2004; 63(1): 109 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Fernandes, H. Girao, and P. Pereira High Glucose Down-regulates Intercellular Communication in Retinal Endothelial Cells by Enhancing Degradation of Connexin 43 by a Proteasome-dependent Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 27219 - 27224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Sambelashvili, V. P. Nikolski, and I. R. Efimov Virtual electrode theory explains pacing threshold increase caused by cardiac tissue damage Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): H2183 - H2194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Poelzing, F. G. Akar, E. Baron, and D. S. Rosenbaum Heterogeneous connexin43 expression produces electrophysiological heterogeneities across ventricular wall Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): H2001 - H2009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R de Groot and R. Coronel Acute ischemia-induced gap junctional uncoupling and arrhythmogenesis Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2004; 62(2): 323 - 334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Schulz and G. Heusch Connexin 43 and ischemic preconditioning Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2004; 62(2): 335 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Severs, S. R. Coppen, E. Dupont, H.-I Yeh, Y.-S. Ko, and T. Matsushita Gap junction alterations in human cardiac disease Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2004; 62(2): 368 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E.M. Martin and W.H. Evans Incorporation of connexins into plasma membranes and gap junctions Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2004; 62(2): 378 - 387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Duffy, A. W. Ashton, P. O'Donnell, W. Coombs, S. M. Taffet, M. Delmar, and D. C. Spray Regulation of Connexin43 Protein Complexes by Intracellular Acidification Circ. Res., February 6, 2004; 94(2): 215 - 222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. W. Doble, X. Dang, P. Ping, R. R. Fandrich, B. E. Nickel, Y. Jin, P. A. Cattini, and E. Kardami Phosphorylation of serine 262 in the gap junction protein connexin-43 regulates DNA synthesis in cell-cell contact forming cardiomyocytes J. Cell Sci., January 22, 2004; 117(3): 507 - 514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Miura, Y. Ohnuma, A. Kuno, M. Tanno, Y. Ichikawa, Y. Nakamura, T. Yano, T. Miki, J. Sakamoto, and K. Shimamoto Protective role of gap junctions in preconditioning against myocardial infarction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H214 - H221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Eloff, E. Gilat, X. Wan, and D. S. Rosenbaum Pharmacological Modulation of Cardiac Gap Junctions to Enhance Cardiac Conduction: Evidence Supporting a Novel Target for Antiarrhythmic Therapy Circulation, December 23, 2003; 108(25): 3157 - 3163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Arutunyan, A. Pumir, V. Krinsky, L. Swift, and N. Sarvazyan Behavior of ectopic surface: effects of {beta}-adrenergic stimulation and uncoupling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2003; 285(6): H2531 - H2542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Padilla, D. Garcia-Dorado, A. Rodriguez-Sinovas, M. Ruiz-Meana, J. Inserte, and J. Soler-Soler Protection afforded by ischemic preconditioning is not mediated by effects on cell-to-cell electrical coupling during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): H1909 - H1916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-M. Lee and T.-F. Chou Troglitazone administration limits infarct size by reduced phosphorylation of canine myocardial connexin43 proteins Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2003; 285(4): H1650 - H1659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R de Groot, C. A Schumacher, A. O Verkerk, A. Baartscheer, J. W.T Fiolet, and R. Coronel Intrinsic heterogeneity in repolarization is increased in isolated failing rabbit cardiomyocytes during simulated ischemia Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2003; 59(3): 705 - 714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Sims, K. L. Schoff, J. M. Loeb, and N. A. Wiegert Regional gap junction inhibition increases defibrillation thresholds Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 5, 2003; 285(1): H10 - H16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. K. Jain, R. B. Schuessler, and J. E. Saffitz Mechanisms of Delayed Electrical Uncoupling Induced by Ischemic Preconditioning Circ. Res., May 30, 2003; 92(10): 1138 - 1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Barker and R. G. Gourdie JNK Bond Regulation: Why Do Mammalian Hearts Invest in Connexin43? Circ. Res., October 4, 2002; 91(7): 556 - 558. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Li, S. Brodsky, S. Kumari, V. Valiunas, P. Brink, J.-I. Kaide, A. Nasjletti, and M. S. Goligorsky Paradoxical overexpression and translocation of connexin43 in homocysteine-treated endothelial cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2124 - H2133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M.W van der Velden and H. J Jongsma Cardiac gap junctions and connexins: their role in atrial fibrillation and potential as therapeutic targets Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 270 - 279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Pimentel, K. A. Yamada, A. G. Kleber, and J. E. Saffitz Autocrine Regulation of Myocyte Cx43 Expression by VEGF Circ. Res., April 5, 2002; 90(6): 671 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Johnson, E. M. Kanter, K. G. Green, J. G. Laing, T. Betsuyaku, E. C. Beyer, T. H. Steinberg, J. E. Saffitz, and K. A. Yamada Redistribution of connexin45 in gap junctions of connexin43-deficient hearts Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2002; 53(4): 921 - 935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. V. Frantseva, L. Kokarovtseva, C. G. Naus, P. L. Carlen, D. MacFabe, and J. L. Perez Velazquez Specific Gap Junctions Enhance the Neuronal Vulnerability to Brain Traumatic Injury J. Neurosci., February 1, 2002; 22(3): 644 - 653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Wit and M. J. Janse Reperfusion Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Century of Progress Toward an Understanding of the Mechanisms Circ. Res., October 26, 2001; 89(9): 741 - 743. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L Lerner, M. A Beardslee, and J. E Saffitz The role of altered intercellular coupling in arrhythmias induced by acute myocardial ischemia Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2001; 50(2): 263 - 269. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Li, S. Brodsky, S. Kumari, V. Valiunas, P. Brink, J.-I. Kaide, A. Nasjletti, and M. S. Goligorsky Paradoxical overexpression and translocation of connexin43 in homocysteine-treated endothelial cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2124 - H2133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. E. Cascio, H. Yang, T. A. Johnson, B. J. Muller-Borer, and J. J. Lemasters Electrical Properties and Conduction in Reperfused Papillary Muscle Circ. Res., October 26, 2001; 89(9): 807 - 814. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Pimentel, K. A. Yamada, A. G. Kleber, and J. E. Saffitz Autocrine Regulation of Myocyte Cx43 Expression by VEGF Circ. Res., April 5, 2002; 90(6): 671 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|