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Circulation Research. 2000;87:241-247

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(Circulation Research. 2000;87:241.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.


Integrative Physiology

Peroxynitrite Is a Major Contributor to Cytokine-Induced Myocardial Contractile Failure

Péter Ferdinandy, Hajira Danial, Ildikó Ambrus, Richard A. Rothery, Richard Schulz

From the Cardiovascular Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics (R.S.), Pharmacology (P.F., H.D., I.A., R.S.), and Biochemistry (R.A.R.), Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and Department of Biochemistry (P.F., I.A.), University of Szeged, Hungary.

Correspondence to Dr Richard Schulz, Cardiovascular Research Group, 4-62 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada. E-mail richard.schulz{at}ualberta.ca

Abstract—Proinflammatory cytokines depress myocardial contractile function by enhancing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), yet the mechanism of iNOS-mediated myocardial injury is not clear. As the reaction of NO with superoxide to form peroxynitrite markedly enhances the toxicity of NO, we hypothesized that peroxynitrite itself is responsible for cytokine-induced cardiac depression. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused for 120 minutes with buffer containing interleukin-1ß, interferon-{gamma}, and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}. Cardiac mechanical function and myocardial iNOS, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and NAD(P)H oxidase activities (sources of superoxide) were measured during the perfusion. Cytokines induced a marked decline in myocardial contractile function accompanied by enhanced activity of myocardial XOR, NADH oxidase, and iNOS. Cardiac NO content, myocardial superoxide production, and perfusate nitrotyrosine and dityrosine levels, markers of peroxynitrite, were increased in cytokine-treated hearts. The peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS (5,10,15,20-tetrakis-[4-sulfonatophenyl]-porphyrinato-iron[III]), the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine, and the superoxide scavenger tiron each inhibited the decline in myocardial function and decreased perfusate nitrotyrosine levels. Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate the concerted enhancement in superoxide and NO-generating activities in the heart, thereby enhancing peroxynitrite generation, which causes myocardial contractile failure.


Key Words: cytokines • nitric oxide synthase • xanthine • oxidoreductases • NADPH oxidase




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