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Circulation Research. 2000;87:214-220

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(Circulation Research. 2000;87:214.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.


Cellular Biology

1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo

D. J. Mantell, P. E. Owens, N. J. Bundred, E. B. Mawer, A. E. Canfield

From the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Department of Medicine (D.J.M., P.E.O., E.B.M., A.E.C.) and Surgery (N.J.B.), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Abstract—Modulation of angiogenesis is now a recognized strategy for the prevention and treatment of pathologies categorized by their reliance on a vascular supply. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1{alpha},25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the active metabolite of vitamin D3, on angiogenesis by using well-characterized in vitro and in vivo model systems. 1,25(OH)2D3 (1x10-9 to 1x10-7 mol/L) significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell sprouting and elongation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and had a small, but significant, inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation. 1,25(OH)2D3 also inhibited the formation of networks of elongated endothelial cells within 3D collagen gels. The addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to endothelial cell cultures containing sprouting elongated cells induced the regression of these cells, in the absence of any effect on cells present in the cobblestone monolayer. Analysis of nuclear morphology, DNA integrity, and enzymatic in situ labeling of apoptosis-induced strand breaks demonstrated that this regression was due to the induction of apoptosis specifically within the sprouting cell population. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on angiogenesis in vivo was investigated by using a model in which MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells, which had been induced to overexpress VEGF, were xenografted subcutaneously together with MDA-435S breast carcinoma cells into nude mice. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 (12.5 pmol/d for 8 weeks) produced tumors that were less well vascularized than tumors formed in mice treated with vehicle alone. These results highlight the potential use of 1,25(OH)2D3 in both the prevention and regression of conditions characterized by pathological angiogenesis.


Key Words: endothelium • angiogenesis • apoptosis • vitamin D3 • growth factors




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