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From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
Correspondence to David G. Harrison, MD, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Dr, 319 WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail dharr02{at}emory.edu
AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone. Inactivation of nitric oxide (NO·) by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to occur in conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Loss of NO· associated with these traditional risk factors may in part explain why they predispose to atherosclerosis. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing ROS, xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been extensively studied in vascular cells. As the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
Key Words: superoxide nitric oxide endothelium NADH/NADPH oxidase xanthine oxidase
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B. Schmeck, W. Beermann, P. D. N'Guessan, A. C. Hocke, B. Opitz, J. Eitel, Q. T. Dinh, M. Witzenrath, M. Krull, N. Suttorp, et al. Simvastatin Reduces Chlamydophila pneumoniae-Mediated Histone Modifications and Gene Expression in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Circ. Res., April 25, 2008; 102(8): 888 - 895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Ryoo, G. Gupta, A. Benjo, H. K. Lim, A. Camara, G. Sikka, H. K. Lim, J. Sohi, L. Santhanam, K. Soucy, et al. Endothelial Arginase II: A Novel Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis Circ. Res., April 25, 2008; 102(8): 923 - 932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A.-L. Levonen, E. Vahakangas, J. K. Koponen, and S. Yla-Herttuala Antioxidant Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives Circulation, April 22, 2008; 117(16): 2142 - 2150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Boodhwani, P. Voisine, M. Ruel, N. R. Sodha, J. Feng, S.-H. Xu, C. Bianchi, and F. W. Sellke Comparison of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 in a swine model of endothelial dysfunction Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 2008; 33(4): 645 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Woller, E. Brandt, J. Mittelstadt, C. Rybakowski, and F. Petersen Platelet factor 4/CXCL4-stimulated human monocytes induce apoptosis in endothelial cells by the release of oxygen radicals J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2008; 83(4): 936 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F Cosentino, D Hurlimann, C Delli Gatti, R Chenevard, N Blau, N J Alp, K M Channon, M Eto, P Lerch, F Enseleit, et al. Chronic treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin reverses endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolaemia Heart, April 1, 2008; 94(4): 487 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Lopez-Sepulveda, R. Jimenez, M. Romero, M. J. Zarzuelo, M. Sanchez, M. Gomez-Guzman, F. Vargas, F. O'Valle, A. Zarzuelo, F. Perez-Vizcaino, et al. Wine Polyphenols Improve Endothelial Function in Large Vessels of Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 1088 - 1095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C Belizna, A Lartigue, J Favre, D Gilbert, F Tron, H Levesque, C Thuillez, and V Richard Antiphospholipid antibodies induce vascular functional changes in mice: a mechanism of vascular lesions in antiphospholipid syndrome? Lupus, March 1, 2008; 17(3): 185 - 194. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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M. Dayhoff-Brannigan, L. Ferrucci, K. Sun, L. P. Fried, J. Walston, R. Varadhan, J. M. Guralnik, and R. D. Semba Oxidative Protein Damage Is Associated With Elevated Serum Interleukin-6 Levels Among Older Moderately to Severely Disabled Women Living in the Community J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2008; 63(2): 179 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Lavi, J. P. McConnell, R. Lavi, G. W. Barsness, C. S. Rihal, G. D. Novak, L. O. Lerman, and A. Lerman Association Between the Paraoxonase-1 192Q>R Allelic Variant and Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Early Coronary Artery Disease Mayo Clin. Proc., February 1, 2008; 83(2): 158 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. M. Prisant Nebivolol: Pharmacologic Profile of an Ultraselective, Vasodilatory {beta}1-Blocker J. Clin. Pharmacol., February 1, 2008; 48(2): 225 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Cheng, J.-S. Ou, H. Singh, J. R. Falck, D. Narsimhaswamy, K. A. Pritchard Jr., and M. L. Schwartzman 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid causes endothelial dysfunction via eNOS uncoupling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): H1018 - H1026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Higashi, C. Goto, D. Jitsuiki, T. Umemura, K. Nishioka, T. Hidaka, H. Takemoto, S. Nakamura, J. Soga, K. Chayama, et al. Periodontal Infection Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 446 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Xu, A. C. Costa-Goncalves, M. Todiras, L. A. Rabelo, W. O. Sampaio, M. M. Moura, S. Sousa Santos, F. C. Luft, M. Bader, V. Gross, et al. Endothelial Dysfunction and Elevated Blood Pressure in Mas Gene-Deleted Mice Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 574 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. M. Paravicini and R. M. Touyz NADPH Oxidases, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Hypertension: Clinical implications and therapeutic possibilities Diabetes Care, February 1, 2008; 31(Supplement_2): S170 - S180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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