© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Oxidant Stress
From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
Correspondence to David G. Harrison, MD, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Dr, 319 WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail dharr02{at}emory.edu
Abstract—Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters many functions of the endothelium, including modulation of vasomotor tone. Inactivation of nitric oxide (NO·) by superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) seems to occur in conditions such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Loss of NO· associated with these traditional risk factors may in part explain why they predispose to atherosclerosis. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing ROS, xanthine oxidase, NADH/NADPH oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been extensively studied in vascular cells. As the role of these various enzyme sources of ROS become clear, it will perhaps be possible to use more specific therapies to prevent their production and ultimately correct endothelial dysfunction.
Key Words: superoxide • nitric oxide • endothelium • NADH/NADPH oxidase • xanthine oxidase
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