© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Molecular Medicine |
Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Hydrogen Peroxide
From the Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga.
Correspondence to David G. Harrison, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 1639 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail dharr02{at}emory.edu
Abstract—Diverse stimuli,
including shear stress, cyclic strain, oxidized LDL, hyperglycemia, and
cell growth, modulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase
(eNOS) expression. Although seemingly unrelated, these may all alter
cellular redox state, suggesting that reactive oxygen intermediates
might modulate eNOS expression. The present study was designed to
test this hypothesis. Exposure of bovine aortic
endothelial cells for 24 hours to paraquat, a
superoxide (O2-·)–generating compound,
did not affect eNOS mRNA levels. However, cotreatment with paraquat and
either Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase or the
superoxide dismutase mimetic tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride
increased eNOS mRNA by 2.3- and 2.2-fold, respectively, implicating a
role for H2O2. Direct addition of 100 and
150 µmol/L H2O2 caused increases in
bovine aortic endothelial cell eNOS mRNA that were
dependent on concentration (ie, 3.1- and 5.2-fold increases) and time,
and elevated eNOS protein expression and enzyme activity, accordingly.
Nuclear run-on and
5,6-dichloro-1-ß-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole–chase
studies showed that H2O2 caused a 3.0-fold
increase in eNOS gene transcription and a 2.8-fold increase in eNOS
mRNA half-life. Induction of eNOS by H2O2 was
not affected by the hydroxyl radical scavenger DMSO, mannitol, or
N-tert-butyl-
-phenylnitrone, but it was inhibited by
the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, ebselen, and
exogenously added catalase. Unlike H2O2, the
4.0-fold induction of eNOS by shear stress (15 dyne/cm2 for
6 hours) was not inhibited by N-acetylcysteine or
exogenous catalase. In conclusion, H2O2
increases eNOS expression through transcriptional and
post-transcriptional mechanisms. Although H2O2
does not mediate shear-dependent eNOS regulation, it is likely to be
involved in regulation of eNOS expression in response to other
physiological and/or pathophysiological
stimuli.
Key Words: paraquat • superoxide dismutase • eNOS mRNA stability • cultured endothelial cells
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S. Kotamraju, C. R. Chitambar, S. V. Kalivendi, J. Joseph, and B. Kalyanaraman Transferrin Receptor-dependent Iron Uptake Is Responsible for Doxorubicin-mediated Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells. ROLE OF OXIDANT-INDUCED IRON SIGNALING IN APOPTOSIS J. Biol. Chem., May 3, 2002; 277(19): 17179 - 17187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. M. Fischer and J. A. Voynow Neutrophil Elastase Induces MUC5AC Gene Expression in Airway Epithelium via a Pathway Involving Reactive Oxygen Species Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., April 1, 2002; 26(4): 447 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Mollnau, M. Wendt, K. Szocs, B. Lassegue, E. Schulz, M. Oelze, H. Li, M. Bodenschatz, M. August, A. L. Kleschyov, et al. Effects of Angiotensin II Infusion on the Expression and Function of NAD(P)H Oxidase and Components of Nitric Oxide/cGMP Signaling Circ. Res., March 8, 2002; 90 (4): e58 - e65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. R. Thomas, K. Chen, and J. F. Keaney Jr. Hydrogen Peroxide Activates Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase through Coordinated Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation via a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent Signaling Pathway J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2002; 277(8): 6017 - 6024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. V. Kalivendi, S. Kotamraju, H. Zhao, J. Joseph, and B. Kalyanaraman Doxorubicin-induced Apoptosis Is Associated with Increased Transcription of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase. EFFECT OF ANTIAPOPTOTIC ANTIOXIDANTS AND CALCIUM J. Biol. Chem., December 7, 2001; 276(50): 47266 - 47276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Marques, I. Millas, A. Jimenez, E. Garcia-Colis, J. A. Rodriguez-Feo, S. Velasco, A. Barrientos, S. Casado, and A. Lopez-Farre Alteration of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase System in the Vascular Wall of Lead-Induced Hypertension in Rats J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2001; 12(12): 2594 - 2600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y.-M. Go, A.-L. Levonen, D. Moellering, A. Ramachandran, R. P. Patel, H. Jo, and V. M. Darley-Usmar Endothelial NOS-dependent activation of c-Jun NH2- terminal kinase by oxidized low-density lipoprotein Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): H2705 - H2713. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. L. Farre and S. Casado Heart Failure, Redox Alterations, and Endothelial Dysfunction Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1400 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Cai, M. E. Davis, G. R. Drummond, and D. G. Harrison Induction of Endothelial NO Synthase by Hydrogen Peroxide via a Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II/Janus Kinase 2-Dependent Pathway Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2001; 21(10): 1571 - 1576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. C Kone Molecular biology of natriuretic peptides and nitric oxide synthases Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 2001; 51(3): 429 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. V. Ennezat, S. L. Malendowicz, M. Testa, P. C. Colombo, A. Cohen-Solal, T. Evans, and T. H. LeJemtel Physical training in patients with chronic heart failure enhances the expression of genes encoding antioxidative enzymes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 194 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. P. Cooke and P. S. Tsao Go With the Flow Circulation, June 12, 2001; 103(23): 2773 - 2775. [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Kojda, Y. C. Cheng, J. Burchfield, and D. G. Harrison Dysfunctional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Expression in Response to Exercise in Mice Lacking One eNOS Gene Circulation, June 12, 2001; 103(23): 2839 - 2844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Bérubé, D. Caouette, and P. Daleau Hydrogen Peroxide Modifies the Kinetics of HERG Channel Expressed in a Mammalian Cell Line J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2001; 297(1): 96 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. B. Laursen, M. Somers, S. Kurz, L. McCann, A. Warnholtz, B. A. Freeman, M. Tarpey, T. Fukai, and D. G. Harrison Endothelial Regulation of Vasomotion in ApoE-Deficient Mice : Implications for Interactions Between Peroxynitrite and Tetrahydrobiopterin Circulation, March 6, 2001; 103(9): 1282 - 1288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M.-S. Zhou, A. Adam, and L. Raij Review: Interaction among angiotensin II, nitric oxide and oxidative stress Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2001; 2(1_suppl): S59 - S63. [PDF]
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U. Hink, H. Li, H. Mollnau, M. Oelze, E. Matheis, M. Hartmann, M. Skatchkov, F. Thaiss, R. A. K. Stahl, A. Warnholtz, et al. Mechanisms Underlying Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Circ. Res., February 2, 2001; 88 (2): e14 - e22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Govers and T. J. Rabelink Cellular regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2001; 280(2): F193 - F206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. S. Wolin Interactions of Oxidants With Vascular Signaling Systems Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2000; 20(6): 1430 - 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Davis, H. Cai, G. R. Drummond, and D. G. Harrison Shear Stress Regulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Through c-Src by Divergent Signaling Pathways Circ. Res., November 23, 2001; 89(11): 1073 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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