© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Contribution |
Inhibition of Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Induces Cell Growth, Hypertrophic Phenotype, and Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes In Vitro
From the Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, and Cardiovascular Division, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Mass. Present address of P.J.P is Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
Correspondence to Wilson S. Colucci, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Boston University Medical Center, 88 East Newton St, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail wilson.colucci{at}bmc.org
Abstract—Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of myocardial failure. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of endogenous antioxidant enzymes can regulate the phenotype of cardiac myocytes. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in vitro were exposed to diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC), an inhibitor of cytosolic (Cu, Zn) and extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD). DDC inhibited SOD activity and increased intracellular superoxide in a concentration-dependent manner. A low concentration (1 µmol/L) of DDC stimulated myocyte growth, as demonstrated by increases in protein synthesis, cellular protein, prepro–atrial natriuretic peptide, and c-fos mRNAs and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase mRNA. These actions were all inhibited by the superoxide scavenger Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid). Higher concentrations of DDC (100 µmol/L) stimulated myocyte apoptosis, as evidenced by DNA laddering, characteristic nuclear morphology, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and increased bax mRNA expression. DDC-stimulated apoptosis was inhibited by the SOD/catalase mimetic EUK-8. The growth and apoptotic effects of DDC were mimicked by superoxide generation with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. Thus, increased intracellular superoxide resulting from inhibition of SOD causes activation of a growth program and apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. These findings support a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling and failure.
Key Words: superoxide dismutase • superoxide • myocyte • hypertrophy • apoptosis
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