© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Mini Review |
Sarcolemmal Versus Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels and Myocardial Preconditioning
From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis.
Correspondence to Garrett J. Gross, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI. E-mail ggross{at}post.its.mcw.edu
Abstract
Abstract—Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a phenomenon in which single or multiple brief periods of ischemia have been shown to protect the heart against a more prolonged ischemic insult, the result of which is a marked reduction in myocardial infarct size, severity of stunning, or incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Although a number of substances and signaling pathways have been proposed to be involved in mediating the cardioprotective effect of IPC, the overwhelming majority of evidence suggests that the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) is an important component of this phenomenon and may serve as the end effector in this process. Initially, it was hypothesized that the surface or sarcolemmal KATP (sarc KATP) channel mediated protection observed after IPC; however, subsequent evidence suggested that the recently identified mitochondrial KATP channel (mito KATP) may be the potassium channel mediating IPC-induced cardioprotection. In this review, evidence will be presented supporting a role for either the sarc KATP or the mito KATP in IPC and potential mechanisms by which opening these channels may produce cardioprotection; additionally, we will address important questions that still need to be investigated to define the role of the sarc or mito KATP channel, or both, in cardiac pathophysiology.
Key Words: ischemic preconditioning • ATP-sensitive K+ channel • mitochondria • sarcolemma
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H. F del Valle, E. C Lascano, and J. A Negroni Ischemic preconditioning protection against stunning in conscious diabetic sheep: role of glucose, insulin, sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 2002; 55(3): 642 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N B Standen Cardioprotection by preconditioning: KATP channels, metabolism, or both? J. Physiol., August 1, 2002; 542(3): 666 - 666. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. J Hanley, M. Mickel, M. Loffler, U. Brandt, and J. Daut KATP channel-independent targets of diazoxide and 5-hydroxydecanoate in the heart J. Physiol., August 1, 2002; 542(3): 735 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Rajashree, J. C. Koster, K. P. Markova, C. G. Nichols, and P. A. Hofmann Contractility and ischemic response of hearts from transgenic mice with altered sarcolemmal KATP channels Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2002; 283(2): H584 - H590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. J. Ranki, G. R. Budas, R. M. Crawford, A. M. Davies, and A. Jovanovic 17{beta}-Estradiol regulates expression of KATP channels in heart-derived H9c2 cells J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 17, 2002; 40(2): 367 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. Ren, Q. Yang, H. Storm Floten, and G.-W. He Hypoxic preconditioning in coronary microarteries: role of EDHF and K+ channel openers Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2002; 74(1): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Han, N. Kim, H. Joo, and E. Kim Ketamine abolishes ischemic preconditioning through inhibition of KATP channels in rabbit hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): H13 - H21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. W. Dickson, R. J. Tubbs, W. A. Porcaro, W. J. Lee, D. J. Blehar, R. E. Carraway, C. E. Darling, and K. Przyklenk Myocardial preconditioning factors evoke mesenteric ischemic tolerance via opioid receptors and KATP channels Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): H22 - H28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Liem, P. D. Verdouw, H. Ploeg, S. Kazim, and D. J. Duncker Sites of action of adenosine in interorgan preconditioning of the heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): H29 - H37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Tonkovic-Capin, G. J. Gross, Z. J. Bosnjak, J. S. Tweddell, C. M. Fitzpatrick, and J. E. Baker Delayed cardioprotection by isoflurane: role of KATP channels Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): H61 - H68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Dos Santos, A. J. Kowaltowski, M. N. Laclau, S. Seetharaman, P. Paucek, S. Boudina, J.-B. Thambo, L. Tariosse, and K. D. Garlid Mechanisms by which opening the mitochondrial ATP- sensitive K+ channel protects the ischemic heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): H284 - H295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. MacCormack and W. R. Driedzic Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels influence force development and anoxic contractility in a flatfish, yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea, but not Atlantic cod Gadus morhua heart J. Exp. Biol., May 15, 2002; 205(10): 1411 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Liu, H. Y. Zhang, X. Zhu, Z. Shao, and Z. Yao Preconditioning blocks cardiocyte apoptosis: role of KATP channels and PKC-epsilon Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): H1380 - H1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. Pouzet, J.-B. Lecharny, M. Dehoux, S. Paquin, M. Kitakaze, J. Mantz, and P. Menasche Is there a place for preconditioning during cardiac operations in humans? Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2002; 73(3): 843 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Korge, H. M. Honda, and J. N. Weiss Protection of cardiac mitochondria by diazoxide and protein kinase C: Implications for ischemic preconditioning PNAS, February 20, 2002; (2002) 52713199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 D.V. Cokkinos Can metabolic manipulation reverse myocardial dysfunction? Eur. Heart J., December 1, 2001; 22(23): 2138 - 2139. [PDF]
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 P. E. LIGHT, H. D. KANJI, J. E. M. FOX, and R. J. FRENCH Distinct myoprotective roles of cardiac sarcolemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels during metabolic inhibition and recovery FASEB J, December 1, 2001; 15(14): 2586 - 2594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Schulz, M. V Cohen, M. Behrends, J. M Downey, and G. Heusch Signal transduction of ischemic preconditioning Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2001; 52(2): 181 - 198. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 K. N. Jew and R. L. Moore Glibenclamide improves postischemic recovery of myocardial contractile function in trained and sedentary rats J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2001; 91(4): 1545 - 1554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. An, S. G. Varadarajan, E. Novalija, and D. F. Stowe Ischemic and anesthetic preconditioning reduces cytosolic [Ca2+] and improves Ca2+ responses in intact hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): H1508 - H1523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Mubagwa and W. Flameng Adenosine, adenosine receptors and myocardial protection: An updated overview Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2001; 52(1): 25 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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