Original Contribution |
From the Experimental Hypertension Laboratory, Medical Research Council Multidisciplinary Group on Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Correspondence to R.M. Touyz MD, PhD, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Ave West, Montreal, H2W 1R7 Quebec, Canada. E-mail touyzr{at}ircm.umontreal.ca
AbstractThis study investigates the role of extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERKs) in angiotensin II (Ang II)generated intracellular second messengers (cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, ie, [Ca2+]i, and pHi) and in contraction in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) using the selective mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/ERK inhibitor, PD98059. VSMCs from mesenteric arteries were cultured on Matrigel basement membrane matrix. These cells, which exhibit a contractile phenotype, were used to measure [Ca2+]i, pHi, and contractile responses to Ang II (1012 to 106 mol/L) in the absence and presence of PD98059 (105 mol/L). [Ca2+]i and pHi were measured by fura-2 and BCECF methodology, respectively, and contraction was determined by photomicroscopy. Ang IIstimulated ERK activity was measured by Western blot analysis using a phospho-specific ERK-1/ERK-2 antibody and by an MAPK enzyme assay. Ang II increased [Ca2+]i and pHi and contracted cells in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum Ang IIelicited contraction was greater (P<0.05) in SHR (41.9±5.1% reduction in cell length relative to basal length) than in WKY (28.1±3.0% reduction in cell length relative to basal length). Basal [Ca2+]i, but not basal pHi, was higher in SHR compared with WKY. [Ca2+]i and pHi effects of Ang II were enhanced (P<0.05) in SHR compared with WKY (maximum Ang IIinduced response [Emax] of [Ca2+]i, 576±24 versus 413±43 nmol/L; Emax of pHi, 7.33±0.01 versus 7.27±0.03, SHR versus WKY). PD98059 decreased the magnitude of contraction and attenuated the augmented Ang IIelicited contractile responses in SHR (Emax,19.3±3% reduction in cell length relative to basal length). Ang IIstimulated [Ca2+]i (Emax, 294±55 nmol/L) and pHi (Emax, 7.27±0.04) effects were significantly reduced by PD98059 in SHR. Ang IIinduced ERK activity was significantly greater (P<0.05) in SHR than in WKY. In conclusion, Ang IIstimulated signal transduction and associated VSMC contraction are enhanced in SHR. MAP/ERK inhibition abrogated sustained contraction and normalized Ang II effects in SHR. These data suggest that ERK-dependent signaling pathways influence contraction and that they play a role in vascular hyperresponsiveness in SHR.
Key Words: [Ca2+]i pHi resistance vessel PD98059 hypertension
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