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(Circulation Research. 1997;81:885-892.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.


Articles

17ß-Estradiol Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell Basal Nitric Oxide Release, Independent of Cytosolic Ca2+ Mobilization

Teresa Caulin-Glaser, G. García-Cardeña, Phillip Sarrel, William C. Sessa, , Jeffrey R. Bender

From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Laboratory (T.C.-G., J.R.B.), the Department of Pharmacology (G.G.-C., W.C.S.), the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry (P.S.), and the Molecular Cardiobiology Program, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine (T.C.-G., G.G.-C., W.C.S., J.R.B.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.

Correspondence to Jeffrey R. Bender, MD, Yale University School Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Ave, Room 454, New Haven, CT 06536-0812. E-mail jeffrey_bender{at}quickmail.yale.edu.

Abstract Estradiol retards the development of atherosclerosis. Animal models have suggested that NO may be a critical effector molecule in this cardiovascular protection. In this study, female human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were propagated in phenol red–free gonadal hormone–free medium and pretreated with 17ß-estradiol (E2). Reduced NO2- and NO3- (NOX) concentration, determined by chemiluminescence, demonstrated a rapid increase in basal HUVEC NO release in response to physiological concentrations of E2. The estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 164,384 inhibited the augmented NO release, demonstrating an ER-mediated component of this response. Because endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity is largely regulated by cytosolic Ca2+, relative [Ca2+]i in response to E2 was determined in a fluorometric assay. E2 did not promote HUVEC Ca2+ fluxes. Furthermore, eNOS activity in E2-pretreated endothelial whole-cell lysates was not dependent on additional Ca2+. Despite involving the ER, this is a nongenomic effect of E2, as demonstrated by maintained responses in transcriptionally inhibited cells and by the rapidity (10 minutes) of cGMP formation in an NO bioassay. We demonstrate, for the first time, that independent of cytosolic Ca2+ mobilization, there is augmentation of eNOS activity with a resultant increase in HUVEC basal NO release in response to short-term estradiol exposure. Implications for the cardiovascular protective role of estrogen are discussed.


Key Words: atherosclerosis • estrogen • vascular endothelium • nitric oxide • nitric oxide synthase




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Genome and Hormones: Gender Differences in Physiology: Selected Contribution: Effects of sex and ovariectomy on responses to platelets in porcine femoral veins
J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2001; 91(6): 2823 - 2830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
M. W. Knoferl, D. Jarrar, M. K. Angele, A. Ayala, M. G. Schwacha, K. I. Bland, and I. H. Chaudry
17beta -Estradiol normalizes immune responses in ovariectomized females after trauma-hemorrhage
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, October 1, 2001; 281(4): C1131 - C1138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. Jayachandran, T. Hayashi, D. Sumi, A. Iguchi, and V. M. Miller
Temporal effects of 17{beta}-estradiol on caveolin-1 mRNA and protein in bovine aortic endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): H1327 - H1333.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
W. Tschugguel, F. Stonek, Z. Zhegu, W. Dietrich, C. Schneeberger, T. Stimpfl, T. Waldhoer, W. Vycudilik, and J. C. Huber
Estrogen Increases Endothelial Carbon Monoxide, Heme Oxygenase 2, and Carbon Monoxide-Derived cGMP by a Receptor-Mediated System
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3833 - 3839.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Endocr. Rev.Home page
L. O'Donnell, K. M. Robertson, M. E. Jones, and E. R. Simpson
Estrogen and Spermatogenesis
Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2001; 22(3): 289 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Endocr. Rev.Home page
S. F. Palter, A. B. Tavares, A. Hourvitz, J. D. Veldhuis, and E. Y. Adashi
Are Estrogens of Import to Primate/Human Ovarian Folliculogenesis?
Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2001; 22(3): 389 - 424.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. N. Chan, R. J. MacAllister, H. M. Colhoun, P. Vallance, and A. D. Hingorani
Changes in Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation and {{alpha}}-Adrenergic Responses in Resistance Vessels during the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 2499 - 2504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
K. K. Koh, D. K. Jin, S. H. Yang, S.-K. Lee, H. Y. Hwang, M. H. Kang, W. Kim, D. S. Kim, I. S. Choi, and E. K. Shin
Vascular Effects of Synthetic or Natural Progestagen Combined With Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Circulation, April 17, 2001; 103(15): 1961 - 1966.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
R. K. Dubey and E. K. Jackson
Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): F365 - F388.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
S. Wassmann, A. T. Baumer, K. Strehlow, M. van Eickels, C. Grohe, K. Ahlbory, R. Rosen, M. Bohm, and G. Nickenig
Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress During Estrogen Deficiency in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Circulation, January 23, 2001; 103(3): 435 - 441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
D. W. Losordo and J. M. Isner
Estrogen and Angiogenesis : A Review
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2001; 21(1): 6 - 12.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
E. Falkenstein, H.-C. Tillmann, M. Christ, M. Feuring, and M. Wehling
Multiple Actions of Steroid Hormones---A Focus on Rapid, Nongenomic Effects
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2000; 52(4): 513 - 556.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ. Res.Home page
M. E. Mendelsohn
Nongenomic, ER-Mediated Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase: : How Does It Work? What Does It Mean?
Circ. Res., November 24, 2000; 87(11): 956 - 960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ. Res.Home page
K. L. Chambliss, I. S. Yuhanna, C. Mineo, P. Liu, Z. German, T. S. Sherman, M. E. Mendelsohn, R. G. W. Anderson, and P. W. Shaul
Estrogen Receptor {alpha} and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Are Organized Into a Functional Signaling Module in Caveolae
Circ. Res., November 24, 2000; 87 (11): e44 - e52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ. Res.Home page
M. P. Haynes, D. Sinha, K. S. Russell, M. Collinge, D. Fulton, M. Morales-Ruiz, W. C. Sessa, and J. R. Bender
Membrane Estrogen Receptor Engagement Activates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase via the PI3-Kinase-Akt Pathway in Human Endothelial Cells
Circ. Res., October 13, 2000; 87(8): 677 - 682.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
G. Nickenig, K. Strehlow, S. Wassmann, A. T. Baumer, K. Albory, H. Sauer, and M. Bohm
Differential Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on AT1 Receptor Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Circulation, October 10, 2000; 102(15): 1828 - 1833.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
M. Noris, M. Todeschini, S. Zappella, S. Bonazzola, C. Zoja, D. Corna, F. Gaspari, F. Marchetti, S. Aiello, and G. Remuzzi
17beta -Estradiol corrects hemostasis in uremic rats by limiting vascular expression of nitric oxide synthases
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): F626 - F635.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
M. T. Littleton-Kearney, D. M. Agnew, R. J. Traystman, and P. D. Hurn
Effects of estrogen on cerebral blood flow and pial microvasculature in rabbits
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2000; 279(3): H1208 - H1214.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. G. Geary, D. N. Krause, and S. P. Duckles
Estrogen reduces mouse cerebral artery tone through endothelial NOS- and cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): H511 - H519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. G. Geary, D. N. Krause, and S. P. Duckles
Gonadal hormones affect diameter of male rat cerebral arteries through endothelium-dependent mechanisms
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): H610 - H618.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
C. R. Rosenfeld, R. E. White, T. Roy, and B. E. Cox
Calcium-activated potassium channels and nitric oxide coregulate estrogen-induced vasodilation
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): H319 - H328.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
D. M. Herrington, B. E. Pusser, W. A. Riley, T. Y. Thuren, K. B. Brosnihan, E. A. Brinton, and D. B. MacLean
Cardiovascular Effects of Droloxifene, a New Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2000; 20(6): 1606 - 1612.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
K. S. Russell, M. P. Haynes, D. Sinha, E. Clerisme, and J. R. Bender
Human vascular endothelial cells contain membrane binding sites for estradiol, which mediate rapid intracellular signaling
PNAS, May 23, 2000; 97(11): 5930 - 5935.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch SurgHome page
M. W. Knoferl, M. D. Diodato, M. K. Angele, A. Ayala, W. G. Cioffi, K. I. Bland, and I. H. Chaudry
Do Female Sex Steroids Adversely or Beneficially Affect the Depressed Immune Responses in Males After Trauma-Hemorrhage?
Arch Surg, April 1, 2000; 135(4): 425 - 433.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. J. McCabe, D. Fulton, L. J. Roman, and W. C. Sessa
Enhanced Electron Flux and Reduced Calmodulin Dissociation May Explain "Calcium-independent" eNOS Activation by Phosphorylation
J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(9): 6123 - 6128.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
K. S. Russell, M. P. Haynes, T. Caulin-Glaser, J. Rosneck, W. C. Sessa, and J. R. Bender
Estrogen Stimulates Heat Shock Protein 90 Binding to Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. EFFECTS ON CALCIUM SENSITIVITY AND NO RELEASE
J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2000; 275(7): 5026 - 5030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
T. A. Parker, D. Dunbar Ivy, H. L. Galan, T. R. Grover, J. P. Kinsella, and S. H. Abman
Estradiol improves pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling in perinatal pulmonary hypertension
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2000; 278(2): L374 - L381.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
A. Huang, D. Sun, A. Koller, and G. Kaley
17{beta}-Estradiol Restores Endothelial Nitric Oxide Release to Shear Stress in Arterioles of Male Hypertensive Rats
Circulation, January 4, 2000; 101(1): 94 - 100.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. H. Karas, J. B. Hodgin, M. Kwoun, J. H. Krege, M. Aronovitz, W. Mackey, J. A. Gustafsson, K. S. Korach, O. Smithies, and M. E. Mendelsohn
Estrogen inhibits the vascular injury response in estrogen receptor beta -deficient female mice
PNAS, December 21, 1999; 96(26): 15133 - 15136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
X. Zhu, B. Bonet, H. Gillenwater, and R. H. Knopp
Opposing Effects of Estrogen and Progestins on LDL Oxidation and Vascular Wall Cytotoxicity: Implications for Atherogenesis
Experimental Biology and Medicine, December 1, 1999; 222(3): 214 - 221.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Circ. Res.Home page
V. M. Miller
Gender, Estrogen, and NOS : Cautions About Generalizations
Circ. Res., November 26, 1999; 85(11): 979 - 981.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ. Res.Home page
M. Garcia-Duran, T. de Frutos, J. Diaz-Recasens, G. Garcia-Galvez, A. Jimenez, M. Monton, J. Farre, L. S. de Miguel, F. Gonzalez-Fernandez, M. d. M. Arriero, et al.
Estrogen Stimulates Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein Expression in Human Neutrophils
Circ. Res., November 26, 1999; 85(11): 1020 - 1026.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
K. K. Koh, A. Blum, L. Hathaway, R. Mincemoyer, G. Csako, M. A. Waclawiw, J. A. Panza, and R. O. Cannon III
Vascular Effects of Estrogen and Vitamin E Therapies in Postmenopausal Women
Circulation, November 2, 1999; 100(18): 1851 - 1857.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Reproductive SciencesHome page
K. G. Stewart, Y. Zhang, and S. T. Davidge
Estrogen Decreases Prostaglandin H Synthase Products From Endothelial Cells
Reproductive Sciences, November 1, 1999; 6(6): 322 - 327.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
J. Case and C. A. Davison
Estrogen Alters Relative Contributions of Nitric Oxide and Cyclooxygenase Products to Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 1999; 291(2): 524 - 530.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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StrokeHome page
A. M. McNeill, N. Kim, S. P. Duckles, D. N. Krause, and H. A. Kontos
Chronic Estrogen Treatment Increases Levels of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein in Rat Cerebral Microvessels • Editorial Comment
Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2186 - 2190.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cardiovasc ResHome page
A. Papapetropoulos, R. D. Rudic, and W. C Sessa
Molecular control of nitric oxide synthases in the cardiovascular system
Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 1999; 43(3): 509 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]