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(Circulation Research. 1997;81:355-362.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Estrogen Upregulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Fetal Pulmonary Artery Endothelium

Amy N. MacRitchie, Sandy S. Jun, Zhong Chen, Zohre German, Ivan S. Yuhanna, Todd S. Sherman, , Philip W. Shaul

From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.

Correspondence to Philip W. Shaul, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235-9063. E-mail PSHAUL{at}MEDNET.SWMED.EDU

Abstract NO, produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is a key mediator of pulmonary vasodilation during cardiopulmonary transition at birth. The capacity for NO production is maximal at term because pulmonary eNOS expression increases during late gestation. Since fetal estrogen levels rise markedly during late gestation and there is indirect evidence that the hormone enhances nonpulmonary NO production in adults, estrogen may upregulate eNOS in fetal pulmonary artery endothelium. Therefore, we studied the direct effects of estrogen on eNOS expression in ovine fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). Estradiol-17ß caused a 2.5-fold increase in NOS enzymatic activity in PAEC lysates. This effect was evident after 48 hours, and it occurred in response to physiological concentrations of the hormone (10-10 to 10-6 mol/L). The increase in NOS activity was related to an upregulation in eNOS protein expression, and eNOS mRNA abundance was also enhanced. Estrogen receptor antagonism with ICI 182,780 completely inhibited estrogen-mediated eNOS upregulation, indicating that estrogen receptor activation is necessary for this response. In addition, immunocytochemistry revealed that fetal PAECs express estrogen receptor protein. Furthermore, transient transfection assays with a specific estrogen-responsive reporter system have demonstrated that the endothelial estrogen receptor is capable of estrogen-induced transcriptional transactivation. Thus, estrogen upregulates eNOS gene expression in fetal PAECs through the activation of PAEC estrogen receptors. This mechanism may be responsible for pulmonary eNOS upregulation during late gestation, thereby optimizing the capacity for NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation at birth.


Key Words: endothelium • estrogen • estrogen receptor • nitric oxide synthase • pulmonary circulation




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Estradiol improves pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling in perinatal pulmonary hypertension
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, February 1, 2000; 278(2): L374 - L381.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
I. Dumont, P. Hardy, K. G. Peri, X. Hou, S. Molotchnikoff, D. R. Varma, and S. Chemtob
Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by PGD2 in the developing choroid
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): H60 - H66.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
J. A. Whitney, Z. German, T. S. Sherman, I. S. Yuhanna, and P. W. Shaul
Cell growth modulates nitric oxide synthase expression in fetal pulmonary artery endothelial cells
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2000; 278(1): L131 - L138.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. New, S. J. Duffy, R. W. Harper, and I. T. Meredith
Estrogen improves acetylcholine-induced but not metabolic vasodilation in biological males
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1999; 277(6): H2341 - H2347.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
M. Garcia-Duran, T. de Frutos, J. Diaz-Recasens, G. Garcia-Galvez, A. Jimenez, M. Monton, J. Farre, L. S. de Miguel, F. Gonzalez-Fernandez, M. d. M. Arriero, et al.
Estrogen Stimulates Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein Expression in Human Neutrophils
Circ. Res., November 26, 1999; 85(11): 1020 - 1026.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
I. S. Yuhanna, A. N. MacRitchie, R. L. Lantin-Hermoso, L. B. Wells, and P. W. Shaul
Nitric Oxide (NO) Upregulates NO Synthase Expression in Fetal Intrapulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., November 1, 1999; 21(5): 629 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 StrokeHome page
A. M. McNeill, N. Kim, S. P. Duckles, D. N. Krause, and H. A. Kontos
Chronic Estrogen Treatment Increases Levels of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein in Rat Cerebral Microvessels • Editorial Comment
Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2186 - 2190.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
S. Nuedling, S. Kahlert, K. Loebbert, P. A. Doevendans, R. Meyer, H. Vetter, and C. Grohe
17{beta}-Estradiol stimulates expression of endothelial and inducible NO synthase in rat myocardium in-vitro and in-vivo
Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 1999; 43(3): 666 - 674.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
E. Tan, M. V Gurjar, R. V Sharma, and R. C Bhalla
Estrogen receptor-{alpha} gene transfer into bovine aortic endothelial cells induces eNOS gene expression and inhibits cell migration
Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 1999; 43(3): 788 - 797.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol.Home page
M. C. Pace, K. L. Chambliss, Z. German, I. S. Yuhanna, M. E. Mendelsohn, and P. W. Shaul
Establishment of an immortalized fetal intrapulmonary artery endothelial cell line
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): L106 - L112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Biol. Reprod.Home page
J. Zhang, G. A. Massmann, C. P. Mirabile, and J. P. Figueroa
Nonpregnant Sheep Uterine Type I and Type III Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Is Differentially Regulated by Estrogen
Biol Reprod, May 1, 1999; 60(5): 1198 - 1203.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
E. A. Kirsch, I. S. Yuhanna, Z. Chen, Z. German, T. S. Sherman, and P. W. Shaul
Estrogen Acutely Stimulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in H441 Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., April 1, 1999; 20(4): 658 - 666.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
H. J. Knot, K. M. Lounsbury, J. E. Brayden, and M. T. Nelson
Gender differences in coronary artery diameter reflect changes in both endothelial Ca2+ and ecNOS activity
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): H961 - H969.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
K. E. Vagnoni, C. E. Shaw, T. M. Phernetton, B. M. Meglin, I. M. Bird, and R. R. Magness
Endothelial vasodilator production by uterine and systemic arteries. III. Ovarian and estrogen effects on NO synthase
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1998; 275(5): H1845 - H1856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
R. R. Magness, T. M. Phernetton, and J. Zheng
Systemic and uterine blood flow distribution during prolonged infusion of 17beta -estradiol
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H731 - H743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
G. G. Geary, D. N. Krause, and S. P. Duckles
Estrogen reduces myogenic tone through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism in rat cerebral arteries
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): H292 - H300.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.Home page
B. O Okoye, P. D Losty, M. J Fisher, I. Wilmott, and D. A Lloyd
Effect of dexamethasone on endothelial nitric oxide synthase in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., May 1, 1998; 78(3): 204F - 208.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
X. Wang and A. A. Abdel-Rahman
Estrogen modulation of eNOS activity and its association with caveolin-3 and calmodulin in rat hearts
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2002; 282(6): H2309 - H2315.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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