Donate Help Contact The AHA Sign In Home
American Heart Association
Circulation Research
Search: search_blue_button Advanced Search
Circulation Research. 1996;79:541-550

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Strauss, B. H.
Right arrow Articles by Keeley, F. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Strauss, B. H.
Right arrow Articles by Keeley, F. W.
(Circulation Research. 1996;79:541-550.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.


Articles

In Vivo Collagen Turnover Following Experimental Balloon Angioplasty Injury and the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases

Bradley H. Strauss, Ranga Robinson, Wayne B. Batchelor, Robert J. Chisholm, Grama Ravi, Madhu K. Natarajan, Richard A. Logan, Shamir R. Mehta, Daniel E. Levy, Alan M. Ezrin, Fred W. Keeley

the Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital (B.H.S., R.R., W.B.B., R.J.C., G.R., M.K.N., R.A.L., S.R.M.), Toronto, Canada; the Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children (F.W.K.), University of Toronto (Canada); and Glycomed Inc (D.E.L., A.M.E.), Alameda, Calif.

Extracellular matrix formation is the major component of the restenosis lesion that develops after balloon angioplasty. Although ex vivo studies have shown that the synthesis of collagen is stimulated early after balloon angioplasty, there is a delay in accumulation in the vessel wall. The objectives of this study were to assess collagen turnover and its possible regulation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in a double-injury iliac artery rabbit model of restenosis. Rabbits were killed at four time points (immediately and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks) after balloon angioplasty. In vivo collagen synthesis and collagen degradation were measured after a 24-hour incubation with [14C]proline. Arterial extracts were also run on gelatin zymograms to determine MMP (gelatinase) activity. Collagen turnover studies were repeated in a group of 1-week postangioplasty rabbits that were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of either a nonspecific MMP inhibitor, GM6001 (100 mg/kg per day), or placebo. Collagen synthesis and degradation showed similar temporal profiles, with significant increases in the balloon-injured iliac arteries compared with control nondilated contralateral iliac arteries immediately after angioplasty and at 1 and 4 weeks. Peak collagen synthesis and degradation occurred at 1 week and were increased (approximately four and three times control values, respectively). Gelatin zymography was consistent with the biochemical data by showing an increase of a 72-kD gelatinase (MMP-2) in the balloon-injured side immediately after the second injury, peaking at 1 week, and still detectable at 4 and 12 weeks (although at lower levels). In balloon-injured arteries, the MMP inhibitor reduced both collagen synthesis and degradation. Overall, at 1 week after balloon angioplasty, GM6001 resulted in a 33% reduction in collagen content in balloon-injured arteries compared with placebo (750±143 to 500±78 µg hydroxyproline per segment, P<.004), which was associated with a nonsignificant 25% reduction in intimal area. Our data suggest that degradation of newly synthesized collagen is an important mechanism regulating collagen accumulation and that MMPs have an integral role in collagen turnover after balloon angioplasty.


Key Words: angioplasty • collagen • matrix metalloproteinase • gelatinase • rabbit • restenosis




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
HypertensionHome page
J. D. Humphrey
Mechanisms of Arterial Remodeling in Hypertension: Coupled Roles of Wall Shear and Intramural Stress
Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 195 - 200.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
J.-J. Hu, A. Ambrus, T. W. Fossum, M. W. Miller, J. D. Humphrey, and E. Wilson
Time Courses of Growth and Remodeling of Porcine Aortic Media During Hypertension: A Quantitative Immunohistochemical Examination
J. Histochem. Cytochem., April 1, 2008; 56(4): 359 - 370.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Heart JHome page
C. Brasselet, E. Durand, F. Addad, F. Vitry, G. Chatellier, C. Demerens, M. Lemitre, R. Garnotel, D. Urbain, P. Bruneval, et al.
Effect of local heating on restenosis and in-stent neointimal hyperplasia in the atherosclerotic rabbit model: a dose-ranging study
Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2008; 29(3): 402 - 412.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
J.-B. Michel, O. Thaunat, X. Houard, O. Meilhac, G. Caligiuri, and A. Nicoletti
Topological Determinants and Consequences of Adventitial Responses to Arterial Wall Injury
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2007; 27(6): 1259 - 1268.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
A. N. Cheema, T. Hong, N. Nili, A. Segev, J. G. Moffat, K. E. Lipson, A. R. Howlett, D. W. Holdsworth, M. J. Cole, B. Qiang, et al.
Adventitial Microvessel Formation After Coronary Stenting and the Effects of SU11218, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 1067 - 1075.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
C. Brasselet, E. Durand, F. Addad, A. A. H. Zen, M. B. Smeets, D. Laurent-Maquin, S. Bouthors, G. Bellon, D. de Kleijn, G. Godeau, et al.
Collagen and elastin cross-linking: a mechanism of constrictive remodeling after arterial injury
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): H2228 - H2233.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemHome page
P. J Lijnen, V. V Petrov, M. Turner, and R. H Fagard
Collagen Production in Cardiac Fibroblasts During Inhibition of Aminopeptidase B
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, June 1, 2005; 6(2): 69 - 77.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Vellaichamy, M. L. Khurana, J. Fink, and K. N. Pandey
Involvement of the NF-{kappa}B/Matrix Metalloproteinase Pathway in Cardiac Fibrosis of Mice Lacking Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A
J. Biol. Chem., May 13, 2005; 280(19): 19230 - 19242.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
M. A. Costa and D. I. Simon
Molecular Basis of Restenosis and Drug-Eluting Stents
Circulation, May 3, 2005; 111(17): 2257 - 2273.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Physiol. Rev.Home page
A. C. Newby
Dual Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases (Matrixins) in Intimal Thickening and Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2005; 85(1): 1 - 31.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Pathol.Home page
X. W. Cheng, M. Kuzuya, T. Sasaki, K. Arakawa, S. Kanda, D. Sumi, T. Koike, K. Maeda, N. Tamaya-Mori, G.-P. Shi, et al.
Increased Expression of Elastolytic Cysteine Proteases, Cathepsins S and K, in the Neointima of Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries
Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2004; 164(1): 243 - 251.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
J. P.G Sluijter, M. B Smeets, E. Velema, G. Pasterkamp, and D. P.V de Kleijn
Increased collagen turnover is only partly associated with collagen fiber deposition in the arterial response to injury
Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2004; 61(1): 186 - 195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
StrokeHome page
D. Krex, H. Rohl, I. R. Konig, A. Ziegler, H. K. Schackert, and G. Schackert
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 Polymorphisms in a White Population With Intracranial Aneurysms
Stroke, December 1, 2003; 34(12): 2817 - 2821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. M. Islam, C. D. Franco, D. W. Courtman, and M. P. Bendeck
A Nonantibiotic Chemically Modified Tetracycline (CMT-3) Inhibits Intimal Thickening
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2003; 163(4): 1557 - 1566.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
B. H. Strauss, L. Goldman, B. Qiang, N. Nili, A. Segev, J. Butany, J. D. Sparkes, Z. S. Jackson, M. R. Eskandarian, and R. Virmani
Collagenase Plaque Digestion for Facilitating Guide Wire Crossing in Chronic Total Occlusions
Circulation, September 9, 2003; 108(10): 1259 - 1262.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
K. Kallenbach, H. A. Fernandez, G. Seghezzi, F. G. Baumann, S. Patel, E. A. Grossi, A. C. Galloway, and P. Mignatti
A Quantitative In Vitro Model of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through the Arterial Wall Using the Human Amniotic Membrane
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 2003; 23(6): 1008 - 1013.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
K. Tsukioka, J.-i. Suzuki, M. Fujimori, Y. Wada, K. Yamaura, K.-i. Ito, R. Morishita, Y. Kaneda, M. Isobe, and J. Amano
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cardiac allograft vasculopathy and its attenuation by anti MMP-2 ribozyme gene transfection
Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2002; 56(3): 472 - 478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
M. J Sierevogel, E. Velema, F. J van der Meer, M. O. Nijhuis, M. Smeets, D. P.V de Kleijn, C. Borst, and G. Pasterkamp
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition reduces adventitial thickening and collagen accumulation following balloon dilation
Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2002; 55(4): 864 - 869.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
H. D. Danenberg, I. Fishbein, J. Gao, J. Monkkonen, R. Reich, I. Gati, E. Moerman, and G. Golomb
Macrophage Depletion by Clodronate-Containing Liposomes Reduces Neointimal Formation After Balloon Injury in Rats and Rabbits
Circulation, July 30, 2002; 106(5): 599 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. Li, W. J. Cantor, N. Nili, R. Robinson, L. Fenkell, Y. L. e Tran, H. A. Whittingham, W. Tsui, A. N. Cheema, J. D. Sparkes, et al.
Arterial repair after stenting and the effects of gm6001, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 5, 2002; 39(11): 1852 - 1858.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
B. Liu, M. Fisher, and P. Groves
Down-regulation of the ERK1 and ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinases using antisense oligonucleotides inhibits intimal hyperplasia in a porcine model of coronary balloon angioplasty
Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2002; 54(3): 640 - 648.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
H.R. Lijnen, E. Maquoi, L.B. Hansen, B. Van Hoef, L. Frederix, and D. Collen
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Impairs Adipose Tissue Development in Mice
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2002; 22(3): 374 - 379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
E. E.J.M. Creemers, J. P.M. Cleutjens, J. F.M. Smits, and M. J.A.P. Daemen
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition After Myocardial Infarction: A New Approach to Prevent Heart Failure?
Circ. Res., August 3, 2001; 89(3): 201 - 210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
A. W. Barolet, N. Nili, A. Cheema, R. Robinson, M. K. Natarajan, S. O'Blenes, J. Li, M. R. Eskandarian, J. Sparkes, M. Rabinovitch, et al.
Arterial Elastase Activity After Balloon Angioplasty and Effects of Elafin, an Elastase Inhibitor
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2001; 21(8): 1269 - 1274.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
L. J. Feldman, M. Mazighi, A. Scheuble, J.-F. Deux, E. De Benedetti, C. Badier-Commander, E. Brambilla, D. Henin, P. G. Steg, and M.-P. Jacob
Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases After Stent Implantation and Balloon Angioplasty in the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit
Circulation, June 26, 2001; 103(25): 3117 - 3122.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
M. J. Sierevogel, G. Pasterkamp, E. Velema, P. P. T. de Jaegere, B. J. G. L. de Smet, J. H. Verheijen, D. P. V. de Kleijn, and C. Borst
Oral Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition and Arterial Remodeling After Balloon Dilation : An Intravascular Ultrasound Study in the Pig
Circulation, January 16, 2001; 103(2): 302 - 307.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
T. L. Haas, M. Milkiewicz, S. J. Davis, A. L. Zhou, S. Egginton, M. D. Brown, J. A. Madri, and O. Hudlicka
Matrix metalloproteinase activity is required for activity-induced angiogenesis in rat skeletal muscle
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): H1540 - H1547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
D. Hou, P. I. Rogers, P. M. Toleikis, W. Hunter, and K. L. March
Intrapericardial Paclitaxel Delivery Inhibits Neointimal Proliferation and Promotes Arterial Enlargement After Porcine Coronary Overstretch
Circulation, September 26, 2000; 102(13): 1575 - 1581.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Pathol.Home page
N. Vyavahare, P. L. Jones, S. Tallapragada, and R. J. Levy
Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Attenuates Tenascin-C Production and Calcification of Implanted Purified Elastin in Rats
Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2000; 157(3): 885 - 893.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
L. Lu, Z. Gunja-Smith, J. F. Woessner, P. C. Ursell, T. Nissen, R. E. Galardy, Y. Xu, P. Zhu, and G. G. Schwartz
Matrix metalloproteinases and collagen ultrastructure in moderate myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in vivo
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): H601 - H609.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
J. M. Waugh, J. Li-Hawkins, E. Yuksel, M. D. Kuo, P. N. Cifra, P. R. Hilfiker, R. Geske, M. Chawla, J. Thomas, S. M. Shenaq, et al.
Thrombomodulin Overexpression to Limit Neointima Formation
Circulation, July 18, 2000; 102(3): 332 - 337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
B. J. G. L. de Smet, D. de Kleijn, R. Hanemaaijer, J. H. Verheijen, L. Robertus, Y. J. M. van der Helm, C. Borst, and M. J. Post
Metalloproteinase Inhibition Reduces Constrictive Arterial Remodeling After Balloon Angioplasty : A Study in the Atherosclerotic Yucatan Micropig
Circulation, June 27, 2000; 101(25): 2962 - 2967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Pathol.Home page
G. Hou, D. Mulholland, M. A. Gronska, and M. P. Bendeck
Type VIII Collagen Stimulates Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase Synthesis after Arterial Injury
Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2000; 156(2): 467 - 476.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
B. H. Strauss and M. Rabinovitch
Adventitial Fibroblasts . Defining a Role in Vessel Wall Remodeling
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., January 1, 2000; 22(1): 1 - 3.
[Full Text]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
P. Rouet-Benzineb, J.-M. Buhler, P. Dreyfus, A. Delcourt, R. Dorent, J. Perennec, B. Crozatier, A. Harf, and C. Lafuma
Altered balance between matrix gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors in human dilated cardiomyopathy: potential role of MMP-9 in myosin-heavy chain degradation
Eur J Heart Fail, December 17, 1999; 1(4): 337 - 352.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
C. M. Dollery, S. E. Humphries, A. McClelland, D. S. Latchman, and J. R. McEwan
Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 by Use of an Adenoviral Vector Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Rat Model of Vascular Balloon Injury
Circulation, June 22, 1999; 99(24): 3199 - 3205.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
C. M. Dollery, J. R. McEwan, M. Wang, Q. A. Sang, Y. E. Liu, and Y. E. Shi
TIMP-4 Is Regulated by Vascular Injury in Rats
Circ. Res., March 19, 1999; 84(5): 498 - 504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
M. D. Rekhter
Collagen synthesis in atherosclerosis: too much and not enough
Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 1999; 41(2): 376 - 384.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Cell Sci.Home page
P. Jones, F. Jones, B Zhou, and M Rabinovitch
Induction of vascular smooth muscle cell tenascin-C gene expression by denatured type I collagen is dependent upon a beta3 integrin-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and a 122-base pair promoter element
J. Cell Sci., January 2, 1999; 112(4): 435 - 445.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
L. Cheng, G. Mantile, R. Pauly, C. Nater, A. Felici, R. Monticone, C. Bilato, Y. A. Gluzband, M. T. Crow, W. Stetler-Stevenson, et al.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of the Human Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Blocks Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Invasiveness In Vitro and Modulates Neointimal Development In Vivo
Circulation, November 17, 1998; 98(20): 2195 - 2201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Vasc MedHome page
A. Gershlick
Endovascular manipulation to restrict restenosis
Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 177 - 188.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
A. Lafont and D. Faxon
Why do animal models of post-angioplasty restenosis sometimes poorly predict the outcome of clinical trials?
Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1998; 39(1): 50 - 59.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Cardiovasc ResHome page
B.J.G.L de Smet, J van der Zande, Y.J.M van der Helm, R.E Kuntz, C Borst, and M.J Post
The atherosclerotic Yucatan animal model to study the arterial response after balloon angioplasty: the natural history of remodeling
Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1998; 39(1): 224 - 232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
H. Okada, J. Woodcock-Mitchell, J. Mitchell, T. Sakamoto, K. Marutsuka, B. E. Sobel, and S. Fujii
Induction of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 and Type 1 Collagen Expression in Rat Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells by Interleukin-1 and Its Dependence on Oxygen-Centered Free Radicals
Circulation, June 2, 1998; 97(21): 2175 - 2182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Circ. Res.Home page
H. Koyama and M. A. Reidy
Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Accompanies Lesion Growth in a Model of Intimal Reinjury
Circ. Res., May 19, 1998; 82(9): 988 - 995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
G. M. Jenkins, M. T. Crow, C. Bilato, Y. Gluzband, W.-S. Ryu, Z. Li, W. Stetler-Stevenson, C. Nater, J. P. Froehlich, E. G. Lakatta, et al.
Increased Expression of Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase and Preferential Localization of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 to the Neointima of Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries
Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 82 - 90.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JCBHome page
P. L. Jones, J. Crack, and M. Rabinovitch
Regulation of Tenascin-C, a Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Survival Factor that Interacts with the {alpha}v{beta}3 Integrin to Promote Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Phosphorylation and Growth
J. Cell Biol., October 6, 1997; 139(1): 279 - 293.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Li, L. H. Chow, and J. G. Pickering
Cell Surface-bound Collagenase-1 and Focal Substrate Degradation Stimulate the Rear Release of Motile Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 2000; 275(45): 35384 - 35392.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Physiol.Home page
A. I M Al-Shafei, R G Wise, G A Gresham, G Bronns, T A Carpenter, L D Hall, and C. L-H Huang
Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging assessment of myocardial changes and the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in diabetic rats
J. Physiol., January 15, 2002; 538(2): 541 - 553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Physiol.Home page
A. I M Al-Shafei, R G Wise, G A Gresham, T A Carpenter, L D Hall, and C. L-H Huang
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of cardiac cycle events in diabetic rats: the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition
J. Physiol., January 15, 2002; 538(2): 555 - 572.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
RadiologyHome page
M. J. Sierevogel, E. Velema, P. P. de Jaegere, D. P. de Kleijn, C. Borst, and G. Pasterkamp
Minimal Duration of Oral Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition to Prevent Constrictive Arterial Remodeling after Balloon Dilation in the Pig
Radiology, February 1, 2002; 222(2): 468 - 473.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]