© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Evidence for Two Components of Delayed Rectifier K+ Current in Human Ventricular Myocytes
From the Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute (G.-R.L., J.F., S.N.) and University of Montreal (G.-R.L., S.N.), the Department of Surgery, Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal (M.C.), and the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University (L.Y., S.N.), Montreal, Canada.
Correspondence to Dr Stanley Nattel, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.
Abstract Previous voltage-clamp studies have suggested that the delayed rectifier current (IK) is small or absent in the human ventricle and, when present, consists only of the rapid component (IKr); however, molecular studies suggest the presence of functionally important IK in the human heart, specific IKr blockers are known to delay ventricular repolarization and cause the long QT syndrome in humans, and we have shown that the expression of IK is strongly influenced by cell isolation techniques. The present experiments were designed to assess the expression of IK in myocytes obtained by arterial perfusion of right ventricular tissue from explanted human hearts. Of 35 cells from three hearts, 33 (94%) showed time-dependent currents typical of IK. The envelope-of-tails test was not satisfied under control conditions but became satisfied in the presence of the benzenesulfonamide E-4031 (5 µmol/L). E-4031 suppressed a portion of IK in 32 of 33 cells, with properties of the drug-sensitive and -resistant components consistent with previous descriptions of IKr and the slow component (IKs), respectively. Action potential duration to 95% repolarization at 1 Hz was prolonged by E-4031 from 336±16 (mean±SEM) to 421±19 ms (n=5, P<.01), indicating a functional role for IK. Indapamide, a diuretic agent previously shown to inhibit IKs selectively, suppressed E-4031–resistant current. The presence of a third type of delayed rectifier, the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (IKur), was evaluated with the use of depolarizing prepulses and low concentrations (50 µmol/L) of 4-aminopyridine. Although these techniques revealed clear IKur in five of five human atrial cells, no corresponding component was observed in any of five human ventricular myocytes. We conclude that a functionally significant IK, with components corresponding to IKr and IKs, is present in human ventricular cells, whereas IKur appears to be absent. These findings are important for understanding the molecular, physiological, and pharmacological determinants of human ventricular repolarization and arrhythmias.
Key Words: repolarization • cardiac arrhythmias • ion channels • antiarrhythmic agents • class III drugs
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. A. Niederer, M. Fink, D. Noble, and N. P. Smith A meta-analysis of cardiac electrophysiology computational models Exp Physiol, May 1, 2009; 94(5): 486 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.-R. Li, H.-Y. Sun, X.-H. Zhang, L.-C. Cheng, S.-W. Chiu, H.-F. Tse, and C.-P. Lau Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit transient outward and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+currents and Na+current in human atrial myocytes Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2009; 81(2): 286 - 293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Imredy, J. R. Penniman, S. J. Dech, W. D. Irving, and J. J. Salata Modeling of the adrenergic response of the human IKs current (hKCNQ1/hKCNE1) stably expressed in HEK-293 cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2008; 295(5): H1867 - H1881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Xu, M. Jiang, K.-L. Hsu, M. Zhang, and G.-N. Tseng KCNQ1 and KCNE1 in the IKs Channel Complex Make State-dependent Contacts in their Extracellular Domains J. Gen. Physiol., June 1, 2008; 131(6): 589 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.-R. Li, H.-B. Wang, G.-W. Qin, M.-W. Jin, Q. Tang, H.-Y. Sun, X.-L. Du, X.-L. Deng, X.-H. Zhang, J.-B. Chen, et al. Acacetin, a Natural Flavone, Selectively Inhibits Human Atrial Repolarization Potassium Currents and Prevents Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs Circulation, May 13, 2008; 117(19): 2449 - 2457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tsujimae, S. Murakami, and Y. Kurachi In silico study on the effects of IKur block kinetics on prolongation of human action potential after atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): H793 - H800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Shantsila, T. Watson, and G. Y. Lip Drug-induced QT-interval prolongation and proarrhythmic risk in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias Europace, September 1, 2007; 9(suppl_4): iv37 - iv44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Blaauw, U. Schotten, A. van Hunnik, H.R. Neuberger, and M.A. Allessie Cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation by a combination of atrial specific and non-specific class III drugs in the goat Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2007; 75(1): 89 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-S. Liu, M. Jiang, M. Zhang, D. Tang, H. F. Clemo, R. S. D. Higgins, and G.-N. Tseng Electrical remodeling in a canine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): H560 - H571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Mustapha, L. Pang, and S. Nattel Characterization of the cardiac KCNE1 gene promoter Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2007; 73(1): 82 - 91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 651 - 745. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. W. J. ten Tusscher and A. V. Panfilov Alternans and spiral breakup in a human ventricular tissue model Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): H1088 - H1100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): e149 - e246. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation, August 15, 2006; 114(7): e257 - e354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Rajamani, C. L. Anderson, C. R. Valdivia, L. L. Eckhardt, J. D. Foell, G. A. Robertson, T. J. Kamp, J. C. Makielski, B. D. Anson, and C. T. January Specific serine proteases selectively damage KCNH2 (hERG1) potassium channels and IKr Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1278 - H1288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.-J. Chang, M.-J. Su, S.-C. Kuo, T.-P. Lin, and Y.-S. Lee Multiple Cellular Electrophysiological Effects of a Novel Antiarrhythmic Furoquinoline Derivative HA-7 [N-Benzyl-7-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]quinoline-3,4-dione] in Guinea Pig Cardiac Preparations J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2006; 316(1): 380 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Guizy, C. Arias, M. David, T. Gonzalez, and C. Valenzuela {omega}-3 and {omega}-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids block HERG channels Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): C1251 - C1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Nerbonne and R. S. Kass Molecular Physiology of Cardiac Repolarization Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1205 - 1253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Jost, L. Virag, M. Bitay, J. Takacs, C. Lengyel, P. Biliczki, Z. Nagy, G. Bogats, D. A. Lathrop, J. G. Papp, et al. Restricting Excessive Cardiac Action Potential and QT Prolongation: A Vital Role for IKs in Human Ventricular Muscle Circulation, September 6, 2005; 112(10): 1392 - 1399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Pau, A. J. Workman, K. A. Kane, and A. C. Rankin Electrophysiological Effects of Prucalopride, a Novel Enterokinetic Agent, on Isolated Atrial Myocytes from Patients Treated with {beta}-Adrenoceptor Antagonists J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2005; 313(1): 146 - 153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Szentadrassy, T. Banyasz, T. Biro, G. Szabo, B. I. Toth, J. Magyar, J. Lazar, A. Varro, L. Kovacs, and P. P. Nanasi Apico-basal inhomogeneity in distribution of ion channels in canine and human ventricular myocardium Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2005; 65(4): 851 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Oginosawa, T. Nagatomo, H. Abe, N. Makita, J. C. Makielski, and Y. Nakashima Intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced rate-dependent QT shortening in the R1623Q mutant of the LQT3 syndrome Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2005; 65(1): 138 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-G. Ding, F. Toyoda, and H. Matsuura Regulation of Cardiac IKs Potassium Current by Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate J. Biol. Chem., December 3, 2004; 279(49): 50726 - 50734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Zhabyeyev, T. Asai, S. Missan, and T. F. McDonald Transient outward current carried by inwardly rectifying K+ channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes dialyzed with low-K+ solution Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): C1396 - C1403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Blaauw, H. Gogelein, R.G. Tieleman, A. van Hunnik, U. Schotten, and M.A. Allessie "Early" Class III Drugs for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Efficacy and Atrial Selectivity of AVE0118 in Remodeled Atria of the Goat Circulation, September 28, 2004; 110(13): 1717 - 1724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. X. Liu, J. Zhou, S. Nattel, and G. Koren Single-channel recordings of a rapid delayed rectifier current in adult mouse ventricular myocytes: basic properties and effects of divalent cations J. Physiol., April 15, 2004; 556(2): 401 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. W. J. ten Tusscher, D. Noble, P. J. Noble, and A. V. Panfilov A model for human ventricular tissue Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2004; 286(4): H1573 - H1589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tamargo, R. Caballero, R. Gomez, C. Valenzuela, and E. Delpon Pharmacology of cardiac potassium channels Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2004; 62(1): 9 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Decher, B. Pirard, F. Bundis, S. Peukert, K.-H. Baringhaus, A. E. Busch, K. Steinmeyer, and M. C. Sanguinetti Molecular Basis for Kv1.5 Channel Block: CONSERVATION OF DRUG BINDING SITES AMONG VOLTAGE-GATED K+ CHANNELS J. Biol. Chem., January 2, 2004; 279(1): 394 - 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tosaka, M. C. Casimiro, Q. Rong, S. Tella, M. Oh, A. N. Katchman, J. C. Pezzullo, K. Pfeifer, and S. N. Ebert Nicotine Induces a Long QT Phenotype in Kcnq1-Deficient Mouse Hearts J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2003; 306(3): 980 - 987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J M Ridley, J T Milnes, Y H Zhang, H J Witchel, and J C Hancox Inhibition of HERG K+ current and prolongation of the guinea-pig ventricular action potential by 4-aminopyridine J. Physiol., June 15, 2003; 549(3): 667 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Ramakers, M.A Vos, P.A Doevendans, M Schoenmakers, Y.S Wu, S Scicchitano, A Iodice, G.P Thomas, C Antzelevitch, and R Dumaine Coordinated down-regulation of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 expression contributes to reduction of IKs in canine hypertrophied hearts Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2003; 57(2): 486 - 496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Han, L. Zhang, G. Schram, and S. Nattel Properties of potassium currents in Purkinje cells of failing human hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2002; 283(6): H2495 - H2503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Bosch, A. C. Schneck, J. Kiehn, W. Zhang, A. Hambrock, B. W. Eigenberger, N. Rub, J. Gogel, C. Mewis, L. Seipel, et al. {beta}3-Adrenergic regulation of an ion channel in the heart--inhibition of the slow delayed rectifier potassium current IKs in guinea pig ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2002; 56(3): 393 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Kurata, I. Hisatome, S. Imanishi, and T. Shibamoto Dynamical description of sinoatrial node pacemaking: improved mathematical model for primary pacemaker cell Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2002; 283(5): H2074 - H2101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-R. Li, C.-P. Lau, A. Ducharme, J.-C. Tardif, and S. Nattel Transmural action potential and ionic current remodeling in ventricles of failing canine hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): H1031 - H1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Lynch Jr., J. J. Salata, A. A. Wallace, G. L. Stump, D. B. Gilberto, H. Jahansouz, N. J. Liverton, H. G. Selnick, and D. A. Claremon Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Combined IKs and beta -Adrenergic Receptor Blockade J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2002; 302(1): 283 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Nagatomo, C. T. January, B. Ye, H. Abe, Y. Nakashima, and J. C. Makielski Rate-dependent QT shortening mechanism for the LQT3 {Delta}KPQ mutant Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2002; 54(3): 624 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Schram, M. Pourrier, P. Melnyk, and S. Nattel Differential Distribution of Cardiac Ion Channel Expression as a Basis for Regional Specialization in Electrical Function Circ. Res., May 17, 2002; 90(9): 939 - 950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Matsuura, T. Ehara, W.-G. Ding, M. Omatsu-Kanbe, and T. Isono Rapidly and slowly activating components of delayed rectifier K+ current in guinea-pig sino-atrial node pacemaker cells J. Physiol., May 1, 2002; 540(3): 815 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel Therapeutic implications of atrial fibrillation mechanisms: can mechanistic insights be used to improve AF management? Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2002; 54(2): 347 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Lei, P. J Cooper, P. Camelliti, and P. Kohl Role of the 293b-sensitive, slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium current, iKs, in pacemaker activity of rabbit isolated sino-atrial node cells Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2002; 53(1): 68 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kaab and M. Nabauer Diversity of ion channel expression in health and disease Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2001; 3(suppl_K): K31 - K40. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Lu, K. Kamiya, T. Opthof, K. Yasui, and I. Kodama Density and Kinetics of IKr and IKs in Guinea Pig and Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes Explain Different Efficacy of IKs Blockade at High Heart Rate in Guinea Pig and Rabbit: Implications for Arrhythmogenesis in Humans Circulation, August 21, 2001; 104(8): 951 - 956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rocchetti, A. Besana, G. B Gurrola, L. D Possani, and A. Zaza Rate dependency of delayed rectifier currents during the guinea-pig ventricular action potential J. Physiol., August 1, 2001; 534(3): 721 - 732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. L Burton and S. M Cobbe Dispersion of ventricular repolarization and refractory period Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2001; 50(1): 10 - 23. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Han, Z. Wang, and S. Nattel Slow delayed rectifier current and repolarization in canine cardiac Purkinje cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H1075 - H1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Virag, N. Iost, M. Opincariu, J. Szolnoky, J. Szecsi, G. Bogats, P. Szenohradszky, A. Varro, and J. Gy. Papp The slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium current in undiseased human ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2001; 49(4): 790 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Perchenet and O. Clément-Chomienne Characterization of Mibefradil Block of the Human Heart Delayed Rectifier hKv1.5 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2000; 295(2): 771 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Tsuji, T. Opthof, K. Kamiya, K. Yasui, W. Liu, Z. Lu, and I. Kodama Pacing-induced heart failure causes a reduction of delayed rectifier potassium currents along with decreases in calcium and transient outward currents in rabbit ventricle Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2000; 48(2): 300 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jiang, C. Cabo, J.-A. Yao, P. A Boyden, and G.-N. Tseng Delayed rectifier K currents have reduced amplitudes and altered kinetics in myocytes from infarcted canine ventricle Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2000; 48(1): 34 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Han, Z. Wang, and S. Nattel A comparison of transient outward currents in canine cardiac Purkinje cells and ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): H466 - H474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Weerapura, S. Nattel, M. Courtemanche, D. Doern, N. Ethier, and T. E Hebert State-dependent barium block of wild-type and inactivation-deficient HERG channels in Xenopus oocytes J. Physiol., July 15, 2000; 526(2): 265 - 278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Katayama, A. Fujita, T. Ohe, I. Findlay, and Y. Kurachi Inhibitory Effects of Vesnarinone on Cloned Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K+ Channels Expressed in a Mammalian Cell Line J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2000; 294(1): 339 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-R. Li, B. Yang, H. Sun, and C. M. Baumgarten Existence of a transient outward K+ current in guinea pig cardiac myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): H130 - H138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M Nerbonne Molecular basis of functional voltage-gated K+ channel diversity in the mammalian myocardium J. Physiol., June 1, 2000; 525(2): 285 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Pereon, S. Demolombe, I. Baro, E. Drouin, F. Charpentier, and D. Escande Differential expression of KvLQT1 isoforms across the human ventricular wall Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2000; 278(6): H1908 - H1915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Heubach, A. Kohler, E. Wettwer, and U. Ravens T-Type and Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Ca2+ Currents Coexist in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes and Are Both Blocked by Mibefradil Circ. Res., March 31, 2000; 86(6): 628 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel, C. Matthews, E. De Blasio, W. Han, D. Li, and L. Yue Dose-Dependence of 4-Aminopyridine Plasma Concentrations and Electrophysiological Effects in Dogs : Potential Relevance to Ionic Mechanisms In Vivo Circulation, March 14, 2000; 101(10): 1179 - 1184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Gintant Characterization and functional consequences of delayed rectifier current transient in ventricular repolarization Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2000; 278(3): H806 - H817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Pond, B. K. Scheve, A. T. Benedict, K. Petrecca, D. R. Van Wagoner, A. Shrier, and J. M. Nerbonne Expression of Distinct ERG Proteins in Rat, Mouse, and Human Heart. RELATION TO FUNCTIONAL IKr CHANNELS J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(8): 5997 - 6006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Varro, B. Balati, N. Iost, J. Takacs, L. Virag, D. A Lathrop, L. Csaba, L. Talosi, and J. G. Papp The role of the delayed rectifier component IKs in dog ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibre repolarization J. Physiol., February 15, 2000; 523(1): 67 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. A. Volders, K. R. Sipido, M. A. Vos, R. L. H. M. G. Spatjens, J. D. M. Leunissen, E. Carmeliet, and H. J. J. Wellens Downregulation of Delayed Rectifier K+ Currents in Dogs With Chronic Complete Atrioventricular Block and Acquired Torsades de Pointes Circulation, December 14, 1999; 100(24): 2455 - 2461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Lynch Jr, M. S. Houle, G. L. Stump, A. A. Wallace, D. B. Gilberto, H. Jahansouz, G. R. Smith, A. J. Tebben, N. J. Liverton, H. G. Selnick, et al. Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Selective Blockade of the Cardiac Slowly Activating Delayed Rectifier Current, IKs, in Canine Models of Malignant Ischemic Ventricular Arrhythmia Circulation, November 2, 1999; 100(18): 1917 - 1922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jiang, W. Dun, and G.-N. Tseng Mechanism for the effects of extracellular acidification on HERG-channel function Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1999; 277(4): H1283 - H1292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Schaffer, B. Pelzmann, E. Bernhart, P. Lang, H. Machler, B. Rigler, and B. Koidl Repolarizing currents in ventricular myocytes from young patients with tetralogy of Fallot Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1999; 43(2): 332 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Bosch, Z. Wang, G.-R. Li, and S. Nattel Electrophysiological mechanisms by which hypothyroidism delays repolarization in guinea pig hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1999; 277(1): H211 - H220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Cheng, K. Kamiya, W. Liu, Y. Tsuji, J. Toyama, and I. Kodama Heterogeneous distribution of the two components of delayed rectifier K+ current: a potential mechanism of the proarrhythmic effects of methanesulfonanilideclass III agents Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1999; 43(1): 135 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Courtemanche, R. J Ramirez, and S. Nattel Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: insights from a mathematical model Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 477 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Drolet, F. Vincent, J. Rail, M. Chahine, D. Deschênes, S. Nadeau, M. Khalifa, B. A. Hamelin, and J. Turgeon Thioridazine Lengthens Repolarization of Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes by Blocking the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 1999; 288(3): 1261 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kupershmidt, T. Yang, M. E. Anderson, A. Wessels, K. D. Niswender, M. A. Magnuson, and D. M. Roden Replacement by Homologous Recombination of the minK Gene With lacZ Reveals Restriction of minK Expression to the Mouse Cardiac Conduction System Circ. Res., February 5, 1999; 84(2): 146 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. M. Wilde, R. J. E. Jongbloed, P. A. Doevendans, D. R. Duren, R. N. W. Hauer, I. M. van Langen, J. P. van Tintelen, H. J. M. Smeets, H. Meyer, and J. L. M. C. Geelen Auditory stimuli as a trigger for arrhythmic events differentiate HERG-related (LQTS2) patients from KVLQT1-related patients (LQTS1) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 1999; 33(2): 327 - 332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. A. Volders, K. R. Sipido, E. Carmeliet, R. L. H. M. G. Spatjens, H. J. J. Wellens, and M. A. Vos Repolarizing K+ Currents ITO1 and IKs Are Larger in Right Than Left Canine Ventricular Midmyocardium Circulation, January 19, 1999; 99(2): 206 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Geelen, B. Drolet, E. Lessard, P. Gilbert, G. E. O'Hara, and J. Turgeon Concomitant Block of the Rapid (IKr) and Slow (IKs) Components of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current is Associated With Additional Drug Effects on Lengthening of Cardiac Repolarization Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, January 1, 1999; 4(3): 143 - 150. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-R. Li, B. Yang, J. Feng, R. F. Bosch, M. Carrier, and S. Nattel Transmembrane ICa contributes to rate-dependent changes of action potentials in human ventricular myocytes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): H98 - H106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-K. Liu, A. Katchman, S. N. Ebert, and R. L. Woosley The Antiestrogen Tamoxifen Blocks the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current, IKr, in Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 1998; 287(3): 877 - 883. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Iost, L. Virag, M. Opincariu, J. Szecsi, Andras Varro, and J. Gy. Papp Delayed rectifier potassium current in undiseased human ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 1998; 40(3): 508 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Feng, D. Xu, Z. Wang, and S. Nattel Ultrarapid delayed rectifier current inactivation in human atrial myocytes: properties and consequences Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1998; 275(5): H1717 - H1725. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kupershmidt, D. J. Snyders, A. Raes, and D. M. Roden A K+ Channel Splice Variant Common in Human Heart Lacks a C-terminal Domain Required for Expression of Rapidly Activating Delayed Rectifier Current J. Biol. Chem., October 16, 1998; 273(42): 27231 - 27235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kaab, J. Dixon, J. Duc, D. Ashen, M. Nabauer, D. J. Beuckelmann, G. Steinbeck, D. McKinnon, and G. F. Tomaselli Molecular Basis of Transient Outward Potassium Current Downregulation in Human Heart Failure : A Decrease in Kv4.3 mRNA Correlates With a Reduction in Current Density Circulation, October 6, 1998; 98(14): 1383 - 1393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Chouabe, M.-D. Drici, G. Romey, J. Barhanin, and M. Lazdunski HERG and KvLQT1/IsK, the Cardiac K+ Channels Involved in Long QT Syndromes, Are Targets for Calcium Channel Blockers Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 1998; 54(4): 695 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Babij, G. R. Askew, B. Nieuwenhuijsen, C.-M. Su, T. R. Bridal, B. Jow, T. M. Argentieri, J. Kulik, L. J. DeGennaro, W. Spinelli, et al. Inhibition of Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K+ Current by Overexpression of the Long-QT Syndrome HERG G628S Mutation in Transgenic Mice Circ. Res., September 21, 1998; 83(6): 668 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G.-R. Li, J. Feng, L. Yue, and M. Carrier Transmural heterogeneity of action potentials and Ito1 in myocytes isolated from the human right ventricle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 1998; 275(2): H369 - H377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Lu, L. Yue, Z. Wang, and S. Nattel Effects of the Diuretic Agent Indapamide on Na+, Transient Outward, and Delayed Rectifier Currents in Canine Atrial Myocytes Circ. Res., July 27, 1998; 83(2): 158 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Lee and E. W. Lee Ionic Mechanism of Ibutilide in Human Atrium: Evidence for a Drug-Induced Na+ Current Through a Nifedipine Inhibited Inward Channel J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 1998; 286(1): 9 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tristani-Firouzi and M. C Sanguinetti Voltage-dependent inactivation of the human K+ channel KvLQT1 is eliminated by association with minimal K+ channel (minK) subunits J. Physiol., July 1, 1998; 510(1): 37 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Priebe and D. J. Beuckelmann Simulation Study of Cellular Electric Properties in Heart Failure Circ. Res., June 15, 1998; 82(11): 1206 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. London, D. W Wang, J. A Hill, and P. B Bennett The transient outward current in mice lacking the potassium channel gene Kv1.4 J. Physiol., May 15, 1998; 509(1): 171 - 182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X.-K. Liu, A. Katchman, M.-D. Drici, S. N. Ebert, I. Ducic, M. Morad, and R. L. Woosley Gender Difference in the Cycle Length-Dependent QT and Potassium Currents in Rabbits J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 1998; 285(2): 672 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. F. Bosch, R. Gaspo, A. E. Busch, H. J. Lang, G.-R. Li, and S. Nattel Effects of the chromanol 293B, a selective blocker of the slow, component of the delayed rectifier K+ current, on repolarization in human and guinea pig ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1998; 38(2): 441 - 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Baskin and J. J. Lynch Jr. Differential Atrial versus Ventricular Activities of Class III Potassium Channel Blockers J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 1998; 285(1): 135 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel Experimental evidence for proarrhythmic mechanisms of antiarrhythmic drugs Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 1998; 37(3): 567 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Drolet, M. Khalifa, P. Daleau, B. A. Hamelin, and J. Turgeon Block of the Rapid Component of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current by the Prokinetic Agent Cisapride Underlies Drug-Related Lengthening of the QT Interval Circulation, January 20, 1998; 97(2): 204 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. London, M. C. Trudeau, K. P. Newton, A. K. Beyer, N. G. Copeland, D. J. Gilbert, N. A. J enkins, C. A. Satler, and G. A. Robertson Two Isoforms of the Mouse Ether-a-go-go–Related Gene Coassemble to Form Channels With Properties Similar to the Rapidly Activating Component of the Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K+ Current Circ. Res., November 19, 1997; 81(5): 870 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Toyama, K. Kamiya, J. Cheng, J.-K. Lee, R. Suzuki, and I. Kodama Vesnarinone Prolongs Action Potential Duration Without Reverse Frequency Dependence in Rabbit Ventricular Muscle by Blocking the Delayed Rectifier K+ Current Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3696 - 3703. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Fiset, B. Drolet, B. A. Hamelin, and J. Turgeon Block of IKs by the Diuretic Agent Indapamide Modulates Cardiac Electrophysiological Effects of the Class III Antiarrhythmic Drug dl-Sotalol J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 1997; 283(1): 148 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Y. Shalaby, P. C. Levesque, W.-P. Yang, W. A. Little, M. L. Conder, T. Jenkins-West, and M. A. Blanar Dominant-Negative KvLQT1 Mutations Underlie the LQT1 Form of Long QT Syndrome Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1733 - 1736. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Delpon, C. Valenzuela, P. Gay, L. Franqueza, D. J Snyders, and J. Tamargo Block of human cardiac Kv1.5 channels by loratadine: voltage-, time- and use-dependent block at concentrations above therapeutic levels Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1997; 35(2): 341 - 350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Brahmajothi, M. J. Morales, K. A. Reimer, and H. C. Strauss Regional Localization of ERG, the Channel Protein Responsible for the Rapid Component of the Delayed Rectifier, K+ Current in the Ferret Heart Circ. Res., July 19, 1997; 81(1): 128 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|