© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Migration but Not Neointimal Thickening After Arterial Injury
From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle.
Abstract Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and replication are important for neointimal formation after arterial injury. Migration of SMCs requires degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix surrounding the cell, and our previous work has shown a correlation between expression of two matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, and smooth muscle migration into the intima in the balloon catheter–injured rat carotid artery. In the present study, an MMP inhibitor, GM 6001, was administered to rats for various times after balloon injury of the carotid artery. Inhibition of MMP activity resulted in a 97% decrease in the number of SMCs that migrated into the intima by 4 days after injury, and lesion growth was retarded by continuous treatment with GM 6001 for up to 10 days after injury. At 10 days, intimal area in GM 6001–treated rats was 0.035±0.008 mm2 compared with 0.095±0.01 mm2 in the control group. Neither intimal nor medial SMC replication rates were decreased by GM 6001 treatment, supporting our hypothesis that the decrease in lesion size was due to inhibition of MMP-mediated migration and not inhibition of replication. By 14 days after injury, however, intimal area and SMC number were the same in control and inhibitor-treated rats. An increased rate of SMC replication in the GM 6001 rats (replication rates at 10 days were 56.7±10.0% in the GM 6001 group and 16.97±1.73% in the control group) contributed to "catch-up" growth of the neointima. Thus, it appears that inhibiting SMC migration with MMP inhibitors is not sufficient to inhibit lesion growth, and lesion size eventually catches up to control via increased SMC replication.
Key Words: matrix metalloproteinases • artery • rat • injury • neointima
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H. R. Lijnen, P. Soloway, and D. Collen Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 Impairs Arterial Neointima Formation After Vascular Injury in Mice Circ. Res., December 3, 1999; 85(12): 1186 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. M. Southgate, D. Mehta, M. B. Izzat, A. C. Newby, and G. D. Angelini Increased Secretion of Basement Membrane–Degrading Metalloproteinases in Pig Saphenous Vein Into Carotid Artery Interposition Grafts Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1999; 19(7): 1640 - 1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Dollery, S. E. Humphries, A. McClelland, D. S. Latchman, and J. R. McEwan Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 by Use of an Adenoviral Vector Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Rat Model of Vascular Balloon Injury Circulation, June 22, 1999; 99(24): 3199 - 3205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. M. Bayer, S. L. Adamson, and B. L. Langille Atrophic Remodeling of the Artery-Cuffed Artery Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, June 1, 1999; 19(6): 1499 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. A. Giese, M. M. H. Marijianowski, O. McCook, A. Hancock, V. Ramakrishnan, L. J. Fretto, C. Chen, A. B. Kelly, J. A. Koziol, J. N. Wilcox, et al. The Role of Alpha and Beta Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor in the Vascular Response to Injury in Nonhuman Primates Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1999; 19(4): 900 - 909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Dollery, J. R. McEwan, M. Wang, Q. A. Sang, Y. E. Liu, and Y. E. Shi TIMP-4 Is Regulated by Vascular Injury in Rats Circ. Res., March 19, 1999; 84(5): 498 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 S. KHARE, U. KUMAR, R. SASI, L. PUEBLA, L. CALDERON, K. LEMSTROM, P. HAYRY, and A. Y. C. PATEL Differential regulation of somatostatin receptor types 1-5 in rat aorta after angioplasty FASEB J, February 1, 1999; 13(2): 387 - 394. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Kranzhofer, A. H. Baker, S. J. George, and A. C. Newby Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -3 During Neointima Formation in Organ Cultures of Human Saphenous Vein Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 255 - 265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. C Newby and A. B Zaltsman Fibrous cap formation or destruction -- the critical importance of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and matrix formation Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 1999; 41(2): 345 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Cheng, G. Mantile, R. Pauly, C. Nater, A. Felici, R. Monticone, C. Bilato, Y. A. Gluzband, M. T. Crow, W. Stetler-Stevenson, et al. Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of the Human Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Blocks Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Invasiveness In Vitro and Modulates Neointimal Development In Vivo Circulation, November 17, 1998; 98(20): 2195 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Bellosta, D. Via, M. Canavesi, P. Pfister, R. Fumagalli, R. Paoletti, and F. Bernini HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Reduce MMP-9 Secretion by Macrophages Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1998; 18(11): 1671 - 1678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Topol and P. W. Serruys Frontiers in Interventional Cardiology Circulation, October 27, 1998; 98(17): 1802 - 1820. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Janiszewski, C. A Pasqualucci, L. C Souza, F. Pileggi, P. L da Luz, and F. R M. Laurindo Oxidized thiols markedly amplify the vascular response to balloon injury in rabbits through a redox active metal-dependent pathway Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1998; 39(2): 327 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Koyama and M. A. Reidy Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Accompanies Lesion Growth in a Model of Intimal Reinjury Circ. Res., May 19, 1998; 82(9): 988 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. M. Jenkins, M. T. Crow, C. Bilato, Y. Gluzband, W.-S. Ryu, Z. Li, W. Stetler-Stevenson, C. Nater, J. P. Froehlich, E. G. Lakatta, et al. Increased Expression of Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase and Preferential Localization of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 to the Neointima of Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries Circulation, January 13, 1998; 97(1): 82 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C. Lundgren, B. Vinogradsky, A. Guala, and S. Fujii A Vitronectin Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Neointimal Formation After Balloon Arterial Injury in Rabbits in Vivo Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, January 1, 1998; 32(1): 47 - 53. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. D. Kenagy, C. E. Hart, W. G. Stetler-Stevenson, and A. W. Clowes Primate Smooth Muscle Cell Migration From Aortic Explants Is Mediated by Endogenous Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Acting Through Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3555 - 3560. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 V. Ellis and S. A. Whawell Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Potentiate Plasmin Generation by Both Urokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator-Dependent Mechanisms: Evidence for a Specific Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor on These Cells Blood, September 15, 1997; 90(6): 2312 - 2322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. R. Moreno, V. H. Bernardi, J. Lopez-Cuellar, J. B. Newell, C. McMellon, H. K. Gold, I. F. Palacios, V. Fuster, and J. T. Fallon Macrophage Infiltration Predicts Restenosis After Coronary Intervention in Patients With Unstable Angina Circulation, December 15, 1996; 94(12): 3098 - 3102. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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R. Forough, N. Koyama, D. Hasenstab, H. Lea, M. Clowes, S. T. Nikkari, and A. W. Clowes Overexpression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions In Vitro and In Vivo Circ. Res., October 1, 1996; 79(4): 812 - 820. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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B. H. Strauss, R. Robinson, W. B. Batchelor, R. J. Chisholm, G. Ravi, M. K. Natarajan, R. A. Logan, S. R. Mehta, D. E. Levy, A. M. Ezrin, et al. In Vivo Collagen Turnover Following Experimental Balloon Angioplasty Injury and the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases Circ. Res., September 1, 1996; 79(3): 541 - 550. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Li, L. H. Chow, and J. G. Pickering Cell Surface-bound Collagenase-1 and Focal Substrate Degradation Stimulate the Rear Release of Motile Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 3, 2000; 275(45): 35384 - 35392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Bond, G. Murphy, M. R Bennett, A. Amour, V. Knauper, A. C. Newby, and A. H. Baker Localization of the Death Domain of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 to the N Terminus. METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITION IS ASSOCIATED WITH PROAPOPTOTIC ACTIVITY J. Biol. Chem., December 22, 2000; 275(52): 41358 - 41363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. J. Sierevogel, E. Velema, P. P. de Jaegere, D. P. de Kleijn, C. Borst, and G. Pasterkamp Minimal Duration of Oral Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition to Prevent Constrictive Arterial Remodeling after Balloon Dilation in the Pig Radiology, February 1, 2002; 222(2): 468 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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