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Circulation Research. 1994;75:586-590

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Circulation Research, Vol 75, 586-590, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Protein kinase C. Its role in ischemic preconditioning in the rat

ME Speechly-Dick, MM Mocanu and DM Yellon
Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Studies, University College London Hospitals, England.

The present study investigated whether protein kinase C (PKC) plays a role in ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart. Chelerythrine, a specific antagonist of PKC, and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG), a diacylglycerol analogue and specific antagonist of PKC, were used to determine whether preconditioning could be blocked or triggered, respectively. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and instrumented for coronary occlusion and reperfusion. All animals were subjected to 45 minutes of regional ischemia (ISC) followed by 2.5 hours of reperfusion. The preconditioning protocol consisted of 5 minutes of ischemia and then 10 minutes of reperfusion. There were six groups: (1) control (group C, n = 5), (2) preconditioned and ISC (group PC, n = 6), (3) chelerythrine given 2 minutes before ISC (group CC, n = 5), (4) preconditioned and chelerythrine given 2 minutes before ISC (group PCC, n = 6), (5) DOG (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) given 10 minutes before ISC (group CD, n = 5), and (6) DMSO given 10 minutes before ISC (group DMSO, n = 3). The end point was infarct size measured using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and expressed as a percentage of the volume at risk (I/R), measured with fluorescent particles. I/R was significantly reduced by preconditioning (group C, 58.6 +/- 5.0%; group PC, 32.7 +/- 6.3%; P < .01) and by the PKC agonist DOG, which reduced I/R to a similar extent as preconditioning (group C, 58.6 +/- 5.0%; group CD, 28.0 +/- 7.0%; P < .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


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A. Clerk, A. Michael, and P. H. Sugden
Stimulation of the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes by the G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Endothelin-1 and Phenylephrine: A Role in Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy?
J. Cell Biol., July 27, 1998; 142(2): 523 - 535.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
T. Sato, B. O'Rourke, and E. Marban
Modulation of Mitochondrial ATP-Dependent K+ Channels by Protein Kinase C
Circ. Res., July 13, 1998; 83(1): 110 - 114.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Miyamae, M. M. Rodriguez, S. A. Camacho, I. Diamond, D. Mochly-Rosen, and V. M. Figueredo
Activation of varepsilon  protein kinase C correlates with a cardioprotective effect of regular ethanol consumption
PNAS, July 7, 1998; 95(14): 8262 - 8267.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
M. J. Janse, T. Opthof, and A. G. Kleber
Animal models of cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 1998; 39(1): 165 - 177.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
T. J. Rohs, K. S. Kilgore, A. J. Georges, and S. F. Bolling
Postischemic Function and Protein Kinase C Signal Transduction
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 1998; 65(6): 1680 - 1684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
C. Weinbrenner, G. S Liu, J. M Downey, and M. V Cohen
Cyclosporine A limits myocardial infarct size even when administered after onset of ischemia
Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 1998; 38(3): 676 - 684.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
R. A. Kloner, R. Bolli, E. Marban, L. Reinlib, and E. Braunwald
Medical and Cellular Implications of Stunning, Hibernation, and Preconditioning : An NHLBI Workshop
Circulation, May 19, 1998; 97(18): 1848 - 1867.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
Y. V. Ladilov, C. Balser, and H. M. Piper
Protection of Rat Cardiomyocytes Against Simulated Ischemia and Reoxygenation by Treatment With Protein Kinase C Activator
Circ. Res., March 9, 1998; 82(4): 451 - 457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
J. E. J. Schultz, A. K. Hsu, H. Nagase, and G. J. Gross
TAN-67, a delta 1-opioid receptor agonist, reduces infarct size via activation of Gi/o proteins and KATP channels
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): H909 - H914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
T. Miura, T. Miura, S. Kawamura, M. Goto, J. Sakamoto, A. Tsuchida, M. Matsuzaki, and K. Shimamoto
Effect of protein kinase C inhibitors on cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning depends on the number of preconditioning episodes
Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 1998; 37(3): 700 - 709.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
H. Yokoshiki, M. Sunagawa, T. Seki, and N. Sperelakis
ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscle cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 1998; 274(1): C25 - C37.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
L. R.C Dekker
Toward the heart of ischemic preconditioning
Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 14 - 20.
[Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
D. M Yellon, G. F Baxter, D. Garcia-Dorado, G. Heusch, and M. S Sumeray
Ischaemic preconditioning: present position and future directions
Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 21 - 33.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
J. Starkopf, T. V Andreasen, E. Bugge, and K. Ytrehus
Lipid peroxidation, arachidonic acid and products of the lipoxygenase pathway in ischaemic preconditioning of rat heart
Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 66 - 75.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
J.-F. Bouchard and D. Lamontagne
Protection afforded by preconditioning to the diabetic heart against ischaemic injury
Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 82 - 90.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. O. Gray, J. S. Karliner, and D. Mochly-Rosen
A Selective epsilon -Protein Kinase C Antagonist Inhibits Protection of Cardiac Myocytes from Hypoxia-induced Cell Death
J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 1997; 272(49): 30945 - 30951.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Cardiovasc ResHome page
C. S Carr, R. J Hill, H. Masamune, S. P Kennedy, D. R Knight, W.R. Tracey, and D. M Yellon
Evidence for a role for both the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors in protection of isolated human atrial muscle against simulated ischaemia
Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1997; 36(1): 52 - 59.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
P. Ping, J. Zhang, Y. Qiu, X.-L. Tang, S. Manchikalapudi, X. Cao, and R. Bolli
Ischemic Preconditioning Induces Selective Translocation of Protein Kinase C Isoforms {epsilon} and {eta} in the Heart of Conscious Rabbits Without Subcellular Redistribution of Total Protein Kinase C Activity
Circ. Res., September 19, 1997; 81(3): 404 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
C. A. Piot, D. Padmanaban, P. C. Ursell, R. E. Sievers, and C. L. Wolfe
Ischemic Preconditioning Decreases Apoptosis in Rat Hearts In Vivo
Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1598 - 1604.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 HypertensionHome page
X.-P. Yang, Y.-H. Liu, G. M. Scicli, C. R. Webb, and O. A. Carretero
Role of Kinins in the Cardioprotective Effect of Preconditioning : Study of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in B2 Kinin Receptor Knockout Mice and Kininogen-Deficient Rats
Hypertension, September 1, 1997; 30(3): 735 - 740.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
H. Miyawaki and M. Ashraf
Ca2+ as a Mediator of Ischemic Preconditioning
Circ. Res., June 19, 1997; 80(6): 790 - 799.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
I. Tritto, D. D'Andrea, N. Eramo, A. Scognamiglio, C. De Simone, A. Violante, A. Esposito, M. Chiariello, and G. Ambrosio
Oxygen Radicals Can Induce Preconditioning in Rabbit Hearts
Circ. Res., May 19, 1997; 80(5): 743 - 748.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
A. Jovanovic, A. E. Alekseev, J. R. Lopez, W. K. Shen, and A. Terzic
Adenosine Prevents Hyperkalemia-Induced Calcium Loading in Cardiac Cells: Relevance for Cardioplegia
Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 1997; 63(1): 153 - 161.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 CirculationHome page
R. L. Engler and D. M. Yellon
Sulfonylurea KATP Blockade in Type II Diabetes and Preconditioning in Cardiovascular Disease: Time for Reconsideration
Circulation, November 1, 1996; 94(9): 2297 - 2301.
[Full Text]

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 J. Neurosci.Home page
S. Miettinen, R. Roivainen, R. Keinanen, T. Hokfelt, and J. Koistinaho
Specific Induction of Protein Kinase Cdelta Subspecies after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat Brain: Inhibition by MK-801
J. Neurosci., October 1, 1996; 16(19): 6236 - 6245.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CirculationHome page
M. V. Cohen, Y. Liu, G. S. Liu, P. Wang, C. Weinbrenner, G. A. Cordis, D. K. Das, and J. M. Downey
Phospholipase D Plays a Role in Ischemic Preconditioning in Rabbit Heart
Circulation, October 1, 1996; 94(7): 1713 - 1718.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
D. R. Meldrum, J. C. Cleveland Jr., B. C. Sheridan, R. T. Rowland, A. Banerjee, and A. H. Harken
CARDIAC PRECONDITIONING WITH CALCIUM: CLINICALLY ACCESSIBLE MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1996; 112(3): 778 - 786.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
P. E. Light, A. A. Sabir, B. G. Allen, M. P. Walsh, and R. J. French
Protein Kinase C–Induced Changes in the Stoichiometry of ATP Binding Activate Cardiac ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels: A Possible Mechanistic Link to Ischemic Preconditioning
Circ. Res., September 1, 1996; 79(3): 399 - 406.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
C. Vahlhaus, R. Schulz, H. Post, R. Onallah, and G. Heusch
No Prevention of Ischemic Preconditioning by the Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Staurosporine in Swine
Circ. Res., September 1, 1996; 79(3): 407 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
R. G. Weiss, C. P. de Albuquerque, K. Vandegaer, V.P. Chacko, and G. Gerstenblith
Attenuated Glycogenolysis Reduces Glycolytic Catabolite Accumulation During Ischemia in Preconditioned Rat Hearts
Circ. Res., September 1, 1996; 79(3): 435 - 446.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
H. Miyawaki, X. Zhou, and M. Ashraf
Calcium Preconditioning Elicits Strong Protection Against Ischemic Injury via Protein Kinase C Signaling Pathway
Circ. Res., July 1, 1996; 79(1): 137 - 146.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
M. Seyfarth, G. Richardt, A. Mizsnyak, T. Kurz, and A. Schomig
Transient Ischemia Reduces Norepinephrine Release During Sustained Ischemia : Neural Preconditioning in Isolated Rat Heart
Circ. Res., April 1, 1996; 78(4): 573 - 580.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

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 Circ. Res.Home page
Y. Liu, W. Dong Gao, B. O'Rourke, and E. Marban
Synergistic Modulation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Currents by Protein Kinase C and Adenosine : Implications for Ischemic Preconditioning
Circ. Res., March 1, 1996; 78(3): 443 - 454.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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